Al-Mulla Hummadi Yassir M, Najim Rafid A, Al-Bashir Nada M
Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, P.O. Box 61208, Baghdad 12114, Iraq.
Exp Parasitol. 2005 Sep;111(1):47-54. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2005.04.007.
This study was undertaken to try to determine the possible anti-leishmanial activity of S2-Complex, an organic complex of copper chloride, ascorbic acid, and nicotinamide. The promastigotes, axenic amastigotes, and intracellular amastigotes of both Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica were incubated with different concentrations of S2-Complex. The EC50 for each form was calculated. Results show that all forms of the parasites were dose dependently inhibited by S2-Complex. The promastigotes of both parasites were the most resistant with highest EC50 followed by axenic amastigotes. While intracellular amastigotes were the most sensitive with the lowest EC50. These results indicate that S2-Complex has a direct anti-leishmanial effect. When mice were treated with S2-Complex or BCG for four days before harvesting the macrophages, and the macrophages infected with both L. major and L. tropica, they showed increased phagocytosis and increased parasite killing. The results of S2-Complex were not statistically different from the immunomodulating agent BCG. These results indicate that S2-Complex has an immunomodulating effect in addition to the direct anti-leishmanial effect.
本研究旨在确定氯化铜、抗坏血酸和烟酰胺的有机复合物S2-复合物可能具有的抗利什曼原虫活性。将不同浓度的S2-复合物与硕大利什曼原虫和热带利什曼原虫的前鞭毛体、无菌无鞭毛体及细胞内无鞭毛体一起孵育。计算每种形态的半数有效浓度（EC50）。结果表明，S2-复合物对所有形态的寄生虫均有剂量依赖性抑制作用。两种寄生虫的前鞭毛体耐药性最强，EC50最高，其次是无菌无鞭毛体。而细胞内无鞭毛体最敏感，EC50最低。这些结果表明S2-复合物具有直接抗利什曼原虫作用。在收获巨噬细胞前，用S2-复合物或卡介苗对小鼠进行4天治疗，然后用硕大利什曼原虫和热带利什曼原虫感染这些巨噬细胞，结果显示吞噬作用增强，杀灭寄生虫能力增强。S2-复合物的结果与免疫调节剂卡介苗无统计学差异。这些结果表明，S2-复合物除具有直接抗利什曼原虫作用外，还具有免疫调节作用。
