García-Marcos L, Suárez-Varela M Morales, Canflanca I Miner, Garrido J Batlles, Quirós A Blanco, López-Silvarrey Varela A, Hernández G García, Guillén-Grima F, Díaz C González, González I Huerta, Pena A Arnedo, Monge R Busquets
Cartagena Clinical and Research Unit and Department of Pediatrics, University of Murcia, Spain.
Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2005 Aug;137(4):303-9. doi: 10.1159/000086461. Epub 2005 Jun 20.
The role of immunization with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in the prevalence of asthma, hay fever and atopic dermatitis is not definitely established and seems to be influenced by ethnic background. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between this immunization and the prevalence of those diseases in a homogeneous population of Spanish schoolchildren.
The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) core and environmental questionnaires were used in four different centers of the Spanish North Atlantic coast. Bilbao, San Sebastián and Asturias have a universal BCG immunization policy during the first days of life, whereas La Coruña discontinued this practice in 1989. Except for this center, immunization coverage was above 90%. A random sample of schools of Asturias or all schools in the city district (rest of centers) with children 6 and 7 years old was surveyed.
The participation rate was above 70%. After excluding those children born outside Spain, the numbers were 6,762 immunized and 2,828 nonimmunized. After adjusting for gender, age, smoking habits of the father and mother, truck traffic near the household, older and younger siblings and having a cat or a dog during the first year of the child's life, the adjusted ORs of the BCG-immunized children suffering from asthma, hay fever and atopic dermatitis were respectively 0.87 (95% CI 0.76-1.00), 0.87 (0.75-1.01) and 0.89 (0.76-1.05).
BCG immunization offers a weak but significant protection against asthma and hay fever in Spanish schoolchildren.
卡介苗（BCG）免疫接种在哮喘、花粉症和特应性皮炎患病率中的作用尚未明确确立，且似乎受种族背景影响。本研究旨在分析在西班牙学龄儿童这一同质化人群中，这种免疫接种与这些疾病患病率之间的关系。
在西班牙北大西洋海岸的四个不同中心使用了儿童哮喘和过敏国际研究（ISAAC）核心问卷和环境问卷。毕尔巴鄂、圣塞瓦斯蒂安和阿斯图里亚斯在出生后的头几天实行普遍的卡介苗免疫接种政策，而拉科鲁尼亚在1989年停止了这种做法。除该中心外，免疫接种覆盖率均高于90%。对阿斯图里亚斯的学校随机样本或市区（其他中心）所有6至7岁儿童的学校进行了调查。
参与率高于70%。排除那些在西班牙境外出生儿童后，接种疫苗的儿童有6762名，未接种疫苗的有2828名。在对性别、年龄、父母吸烟习惯、家庭附近的卡车交通、年长和年幼的兄弟姐妹以及孩子出生后第一年是否养猫或狗进行调整后，接种卡介苗儿童患哮喘、花粉症和特应性皮炎的调整后比值比分别为0.87（95%可信区间0.76 - 1.00）、0.87（0.75 - 1.01）和0.89（0.76 - 1.05）。
卡介苗免疫接种为西班牙学龄儿童预防哮喘和花粉症提供了微弱但显著的保护作用。
