Park Jason, Minor Sam, Taylor Rebecca Anne, Vikis Elena, Poenaru Dan
Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3A 1R9.
Am J Surg. 2005 Jul;190(1):141-6. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2005.04.008.
This study explored the factors contributing to the low application rates to general surgery (GS) residency by female students and compared perceptions of GS between students and female surgeons.
We distributed surveys to final-year students at 4 medical schools and nationwide to every female general surgeon in Canada.
Of students who were deterred from GS, women were less likely than men to meet a same-sex GS role model and more likely to experience gender-based discrimination during their GS rotation (P < .05). Female students had the perception that GS was incompatible with a rewarding family life, happy marriage, or having children, whereas female surgeons were far more positive about their career choice.
Both real and perceived barriers may deter women from a career in GS. Real barriers include sex-based discrimination and a lack of female role models in GS. There are also clear differences in perception between students and surgeons regarding family and lifestyle in GS that must be addressed.
本研究探讨了导致女学生申请普通外科住院医师项目比例较低的因素，并比较了学生和女外科医生对普通外科的看法。
我们向4所医学院的最后一年学生以及加拿大全国的每位女普通外科医生发放了调查问卷。
在被普通外科拒之门外的学生中，女性比男性更难遇到同性普通外科榜样，并且在普通外科轮转期间更有可能经历基于性别的歧视（P <.05）。女学生认为普通外科与美满的家庭生活、幸福的婚姻或生育不相容，而女外科医生对自己的职业选择则更为积极。
实际障碍和认知障碍都可能阻碍女性从事普通外科职业。实际障碍包括基于性别的歧视以及普通外科缺乏女性榜样。在普通外科领域，学生和外科医生在家庭和生活方式的认知上也存在明显差异，必须加以解决。
