Reski Ralf, Frank Wolfgang
Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
Brief Funct Genomic Proteomic. 2005 May;4(1):48-57. doi: 10.1093/bfgp/4.1.48.
Recently, the moss Physcomitrella patens was established as a versatile tool in plant functional genomics. Mosses represent the oldest living clade of land plants, separated by approximately 450 million years of evolution from crop plants. Consequently, mosses contain metabolites and genes not known from these seed plants. In Physcomitrella, nuclear genes can be targeted by homologous recombination as efficiently as in yeast, allowing reverse genetics approaches in plants at high-throughput levels for the first time. Comprehensive expressed sequence tag databases gave new insights into the levels of diversity in land plants which are now ready to be exploited in plant biotechnology. In forward genetics screens, saturated tagged mutant collections help to unravel novel gene - function relationships. Additionally, proteomics tools are at hand to analyse subcellular proteomes, as well as the phosphoproteome, as the core of eukaryotic signal transduction. Moreover, specifically designed Physcomitrella strains can produce human therapeutic proteins safely and cost-effectively in bioreactors.
最近，小立碗藓被确立为植物功能基因组学中的一种多功能工具。苔藓是现存最古老的陆地植物分支，与农作物植物在进化上相隔约4.5亿年。因此，苔藓含有这些种子植物中未知的代谢物和基因。在小立碗藓中，核基因可以像在酵母中一样高效地通过同源重组进行靶向操作，首次使植物能够在高通量水平上采用反向遗传学方法。全面的表达序列标签数据库为陆地植物的多样性水平提供了新的见解，现在这些见解已准备好在植物生物技术中加以利用。在前向遗传学筛选中，饱和标记突变体文库有助于揭示新的基因-功能关系。此外，蛋白质组学工具可用于分析亚细胞蛋白质组以及作为真核信号转导核心的磷酸化蛋白质组。此外，经过特殊设计的小立碗藓菌株能够在生物反应器中安全且经济高效地生产人类治疗性蛋白质。
