Nieuwenhuis Sander, Slagter Heleen A, von Geusau Niels J Alting, Heslenfeld Dirk J, Holroyd Clay B
Department of Cognitive Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Eur J Neurosci. 2005 Jun;21(11):3161-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04152.x.
Previous research has identified a component of the event-related brain potential (ERP), the feedback-related negativity, that is elicited by feedback stimuli associated with unfavourable outcomes. In the present research we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings to test the common hypothesis that this component is generated in the caudal anterior cingulate cortex. The EEG results indicated that our paradigm, a time estimation task with trial-to-trial performance feedback, elicited a large feedback-related negativity (FRN). Nevertheless, the fMRI results did not reveal any area in the caudal anterior cingulate cortex that was differentially activated by positive and negative performance feedback, casting doubt on the notion that the FRN is generated in this brain region. In contrast, we found a number of brain areas outside the posterior medial frontal cortex that were activated more strongly by positive feedback than by negative feedback. These included areas in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, right superior frontal gyrus, and striatum. An anatomically constrained source model assuming equivalent dipole generators in the rostral anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate, and right superior frontal gyrus produced a simulated scalp distribution that corresponded closely to the observed scalp distribution of the FRN. These results support a new hypothesis regarding the neural generators of the FRN, and have important implications for the use of this component as an electrophysiological index of performance monitoring and reward processing.
先前的研究已经确定了事件相关脑电位（ERP）的一个成分，即反馈相关负波，它由与不利结果相关的反馈刺激所引发。在本研究中，我们使用事件相关功能磁共振成像（fMRI）和脑电图（EEG）记录来检验一个普遍的假设，即这个成分是在尾侧前扣带回皮层产生的。EEG结果表明，我们的范式，即一个带有逐次试验表现反馈的时间估计任务，引发了一个较大的反馈相关负波（FRN）。然而，fMRI结果并未揭示尾侧前扣带回皮层中有任何区域因正性和负性表现反馈而被差异激活，这对FRN是在这个脑区产生的观点提出了质疑。相反，我们发现后内侧额叶皮层以外的一些脑区，正性反馈比负性反馈对其激活更强。这些区域包括喙侧前扣带回皮层、后扣带回皮层、右侧额上回和纹状体中的区域。一个在喙侧前扣带回、后扣带回和右侧额上回假设等效偶极子发生器的解剖学约束源模型产生了一个模拟头皮分布，它与观察到的FRN头皮分布紧密对应。这些结果支持了一个关于FRN神经发生器的新假设，并对将这个成分用作表现监测和奖励处理的电生理指标具有重要意义。
