Singh Swaran P, Cooper John E, Fisher Helen L, Tarrant C Jane, Lloyd Tuhina, Banjo Jumi, Corfe Sarah, Jones Peter
Department of Mental Health, St George's University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK.
Schizophr Res. 2005 Dec 1;80(1):117-30. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2005.04.018. Epub 2005 Jun 22.
The Nottingham Onset Schedule (NOS) is a short, guided interview and rating schedule to measure onset in psychosis. Onset is defined as the time between the first reported/observed change in mental state/behaviour to the development of psychotic symptoms. Onset is conceptualised as comprising of (i) a prodrome of two parts: a period of 'unease' followed by 'non-diagnostic' symptoms; (ii) appearance of psychotic symptoms; and (iii) a build-up of diagnostic symptoms leading to a definite diagnosis. Twenty consecutive cases of first-episode psychosis were administered the NOS schedule to determine its psychometric properties including inter-rater and test-retest reliability. Its clinical and research potential as a reliable measure of duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) was assessed in a cohort of 99 cases of first-episode psychosis (56 schizophrenia, 43 affective psychoses). NOS identified all prodromal symptoms previously reported in other studies. There was high degree of inter-rater and test-retest reliability for all components of NOS. Duration of untreated psychosis was significantly longer (p<0.05) in schizophrenia (mean 179 days, S.D. 344; median 52 days) than in affective psychosis (mean 15 days, S.D. 116; median 12 days) but there were no gender differences between lengths of prodrome or treatment delays. The NOS provides a standardised and reliable way of recording early changes in psychosis and identifying relatively precise time points for measuring several durations in emerging psychosis. The scale is easy to use and is not time-consuming or labour intensive. Onset, as measured by NOS, is significantly longer in schizophrenic disorders than in affective psychosis. A small proportion of schizophrenia cases have very long DUP. Some cases with schizophrenia receive anti-psychotics in the prodromal phase, prior to the emergence of frank psychotic symptoms.
诺丁汉发病时间表（NOS）是一种简短的、有引导的访谈和评分时间表，用于测量精神病的发病情况。发病被定义为首次报告/观察到的精神状态/行为变化到精神病症状出现之间的时间。发病被概念化为包括：（i）前驱期分为两部分：一段“不安”期，随后是“非诊断性”症状；（ii）精神病症状的出现；（iii）诊断症状的积累导致明确诊断。对连续20例首发精神病患者进行NOS时间表评估，以确定其心理测量特性，包括评分者间信度和重测信度。在一组99例首发精神病患者（56例精神分裂症，43例情感性精神病）中评估了其作为未治疗精神病持续时间（DUP）可靠测量方法的临床和研究潜力。NOS识别出了先前在其他研究中报告的所有前驱症状。NOS所有组成部分的评分者间信度和重测信度都很高。精神分裂症患者未治疗精神病的持续时间（平均179天，标准差344；中位数52天）明显长于情感性精神病患者（平均15天，标准差116；中位数12天）（p<0.05），但前驱期长度或治疗延迟在性别上没有差异。NOS提供了一种标准化且可靠的方法来记录精神病的早期变化，并确定测量新发精神病中几个时间段的相对精确时间点。该量表易于使用，不耗时且劳动强度不大。通过NOS测量，精神分裂症障碍的发病时间明显长于情感性精神病。一小部分精神分裂症病例的DUP非常长。一些精神分裂症病例在明显的精神病症状出现之前的前驱期就接受了抗精神病药物治疗。
