Boussaa S, Guernaoui S, Pesson B, Boumezzough A
Laboratoire d'Ecologie Animale Terrestre, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco.
Acta Trop. 2005 Aug;95(2):86-91. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2005.05.002.
Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) were collected continuously, using sticky traps, during 1 year from October 2002 to September 2003, in an urban area of Marrakech city (Morocco). A total of 3277 specimens were collected belonging to five species. Phlebotomus (Phlebotomus) papatasi (54.6%) is the predominant species followed by Sergentomyia (Sergentomyia) minuta (20%), S. (S.) fallax (11.3%), P. (Paraphlebotomus) sergenti (10.3%) and P. (Larroussius) longicuspis (3.8%). Data analyses showed a mono-modal annual pattern for P. sergenti and a bi-modal one for the other species. P. papatasi, the proven vector of Leishmania major in Morocco, was active throughout the year. This species did not diapause in this region. P. papatasi population peaked in June and November, which relating to the periods of risk in this area. Its preferred temperature ranged between 32 and 36 degrees C but no significant correlation was found between its density and the temperature. Considering the high density and long activity period of P. papatasi, the area of Marrakech should be regarded as a potential focus for L. major. This suggests the need for a continuously surveillance to prevent risk of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis.
2002年10月至2003年9月的1年时间里，在摩洛哥马拉喀什市的一个市区，使用粘性诱捕器持续收集白蛉（双翅目：毛蠓科）。共收集到3277个标本，分属于5个物种。巴氏白蛉（54.6%）是优势种，其次是微小司蛉（20%）、淡黄司蛉（11.3%）、塞氏白蛉（10.3%）和长须白蛉（3.8%）。数据分析显示，塞氏白蛉呈单峰年模式，其他物种呈双峰年模式。巴氏白蛉是摩洛哥硕大利什曼原虫已证实的传播媒介，全年活跃。该物种在该地区不滞育。巴氏白蛉种群在6月和11月达到峰值，这与该地区的风险期相关。其偏好的温度范围在32至36摄氏度之间，但其密度与温度之间未发现显著相关性。考虑到巴氏白蛉的高密度和长时间活动期，马拉喀什地区应被视为硕大利什曼原虫的潜在疫源地。这表明需要持续监测以预防人畜共患皮肤利什曼病的风险。
