Knight Diane
University of Hawaii School of Nursing and Dental Hygiene, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs. 2005 Apr-Jun;28(2):71-81. doi: 10.1080/01460860590950845.
The purpose of this qualitative pilot study was to identify beliefs and self-care practices of adolescents with asthma in a private high school, where the incidence of asthma is nearly 20%. Analysis of the data from 10 individual audiotaped interviews, using a semistructured questionnaire, yielded major themes of knowledge acquisition, self-efficacy, and social support that are associated with behaviors that control asthma with better outcomes. Specifically, the greatest knowledge acquisition and symptom recognition were associated with exposure to multiple educators, especially school-based programs. High self-efficacy was facilitated through positive experiences--teens recognized that they had fewer asthma events and severity once they were in better physical condition, on preventive medicines, and/or used trigger avoidance success. Social support for teens was very helpful and included parents, family, friends, coaches and teachers, and healthcare providers. Implications for practice include the need for adolescent asthma-awareness training, as higher awareness of asthma conditions and triggers may provide peer support for teens with asthma in school.
这项定性试点研究的目的是确定一所私立高中里患有哮喘的青少年的信念和自我护理行为，该校哮喘发病率近20%。使用半结构化问卷对10次个人录音访谈的数据进行分析，得出了知识获取、自我效能感和社会支持等主要主题，这些主题与能更好控制哮喘的行为相关。具体而言，最大程度的知识获取和症状识别与接触多位教育工作者有关，尤其是基于学校的项目。积极的经历促进了高自我效能感——青少年认识到，一旦他们身体状况更好、服用预防性药物和/或成功避免触发因素，哮喘发作次数和严重程度就会减少。青少年的社会支持非常有帮助，包括父母、家人、朋友、教练和教师以及医疗保健提供者。对实践的启示包括需要对青少年进行哮喘意识培训，因为提高对哮喘病情和触发因素的认识可能会为学校里患有哮喘的青少年提供同伴支持。
