Madhavapeddi R, Rao B S
National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1992 May;46(5):349-54.
An energy balance study was conducted in eight lactating poor-income Indian women from delivery to 6 months. Energy intake and expenditure were assessed for 7 days every month (30-37 days). Every month, basal metabolic rate (BMR) and milk ingested by infants was measured. An energy balance was computed. As a group these women were in energy balance, indicated by small body weight changes with respect to time. However, only two of these women were in a positive energy balance. Women with higher body weight lost more weight. Estimated mean energy intake was higher than energy expenditure. BMR showed a slight but not significant fall during the second month of lactation and was not different from the BMR seen in 13 non-pregnant, non-lactating women matched for body weight from the staff of the Institute. The energy cost of lactation was 2.3 MJ (549 kcal), a figure that justifies the Recommended Dietary Allowance for energy recommended by FAO/WHO/UNU (1985) and ICMR (1989).
对8名低收入的印度哺乳期妇女进行了一项从分娩到6个月的能量平衡研究。每月（第30 - 37天）对能量摄入和消耗进行7天的评估。每月测量基础代谢率（BMR）和婴儿摄入的乳汁量。计算能量平衡。总体而言，这些女性处于能量平衡状态，这表现为体重随时间的微小变化。然而，这些女性中只有两人处于正能量平衡状态。体重较高的女性体重减轻得更多。估计平均能量摄入量高于能量消耗量。在哺乳期的第二个月，基础代谢率略有下降，但不显著，且与该研究所体重匹配的13名非怀孕、非哺乳期女性的基础代谢率没有差异。哺乳期的能量消耗为2.3兆焦耳（549千卡），这一数字证明了粮农组织/世界卫生组织/联合国大学（1985年）和印度医学研究理事会（1989年）推荐的能量膳食营养素参考摄入量是合理的。
