Sandal Gro M, Musson Dave, Helmreich Robert L, Gravdal Lene
Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway.
Acta Astronaut. 2005 Jul-Oct;57(2-8):634-41. doi: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2005.03.011.
The assessment of personality is recognized by space agencies as an approach to identify candidates likely to perform optimally during spaceflights. In the use of personality scales for selection, the impact of social desirability (SD) has been cited as a concern. Study 1 addressed the impact of SD on responses to the Personality Characteristic Inventory(PCI) and NEO-FFI. This was achieved by contrasting scores from active astronauts (N=65) with scores of successful astronaut applicants (N=63), and between pilots applicants (N=1271) and pilot research subjects (N=120). Secondly, personality scores were correlated with scores on the Marlow Crown Social Desirability Scale among applicants to managerial positions (N=120). The results indicated that SD inflated scores on PCI scales assessing negative interpersonal characteristics, and impacted on four of five scales in NEO-FFI. Still, the effect sizes were small or moderate. Study 2 addressed performance implications of SD during an assessment of males applying to work as rescue personnel operations in the North Sea (N=22). The results showed that SD correlated negatively with cognitive test performance, and positively with discrepancy in performance ratings between self and two observers. In conclusion, caution is needed in interpreting personality scores in applicant populations. SD maybe a negative predictor for performance under stress.
太空机构认为，评估个性是识别在太空飞行中可能表现最佳的候选人的一种方法。在使用个性量表进行选拔时，社会期望（SD）的影响被视为一个问题。研究1探讨了SD对个性特征量表（PCI）和大五人格量表（NEO-FFI）回答的影响。这是通过对比现役宇航员（N = 65）的分数与成功的宇航员申请者（N = 63）的分数，以及飞行员申请者（N = 1271）和飞行员研究对象（N = 120）的分数来实现的。其次，将管理职位申请者（N = 120）的个性分数与马洛-克劳恩社会期望量表的分数进行了关联。结果表明，SD夸大了PCI量表上评估负面人际特征的分数，并影响了NEO-FFI五个量表中的四个。不过，效应量较小或适中。研究2探讨了在评估申请在北海从事救援人员行动工作的男性（N = 22）时，SD对绩效的影响。结果表明，SD与认知测试成绩呈负相关，与自我和两名观察者之间的绩效评级差异呈正相关。总之，在解释申请者群体的个性分数时需要谨慎。SD可能是压力下绩效的负面预测指标。
