Stutts Jane, Feaganes John, Reinfurt Donald, Rodgman Eric, Hamlett Charles, Gish Kenneth, Staplin Loren
University of North Carolina, Highway Safety Research Center, Chapel Hill, 27599-3430, USA.
Accid Anal Prev. 2005 Nov;37(6):1093-101. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2005.06.007. Epub 2005 Jul 11.
Unobtrusive video camera units were installed in the vehicles of 70 volunteer drivers over 1-week time periods to study drivers' exposure to distractions. The video data were coded based on a detailed taxonomy of driver distractions along with important contextual variables and driving performance measures. Results show distractions to be a common component of everyday driving. In terms of overall event durations, the most common distractions were eating and drinking (including preparations to eat or drink), distractions inside the vehicle (reaching or looking for an object, manipulating vehicle controls, etc.), and distractions outside the vehicle (often unidentified). Distractions were frequently associated with decreased driving performance, as measured by higher levels of no hands on the steering wheel, eyes directed inside rather than outside the vehicle, and lane wanderings or encroachments. Naturalistic driving studies can provide a useful supplement to more controlled laboratory and field studies to further our understanding of the effects of all types of distractions on driving safety.
在为期1周的时间段内，研究人员在70名志愿者司机的车辆中安装了不引人注意的摄像机装置，以研究司机受分心因素影响的情况。视频数据是根据司机分心因素的详细分类法以及重要的情境变量和驾驶性能指标进行编码的。结果表明，分心是日常驾驶中的常见现象。就总体事件持续时间而言，最常见的分心行为包括饮食（包括饮食准备）、车内分心（伸手或寻找物品、操作车辆控制装置等）以及车外分心（通常无法识别）。分心行为常常与驾驶性能下降有关，这可通过更多时间双手不放在方向盘上、眼睛看向车内而非车外以及车道偏移或侵入等情况来衡量。自然主义驾驶研究可以为更具控制性的实验室和实地研究提供有益补充，以加深我们对各类分心因素对驾驶安全影响的理解。
