Porter Chad K, Putnam Shannon D, Hunting Katherine L, Riddle Mark R
Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD 20910-7500, USA.
Am J Epidemiol. 2005 Aug 15;162(4):334-44. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwi211. Epub 2005 Jul 13.
As water flows from treatment plants to the tap, chlorine, used to disinfect surface water meant for residential use, reacts with residual organic and inorganic matter, creating chlorine disinfection by-products. In recent years, these by-products have been scrutinized as a potential reproductive and developmental hazard. This study examined whether exposure to the four total trihalomethanes or the five haloacetic acids (two major subgroups of chlorine disinfection by-products) was related to an increased risk of intrauterine growth retardation in four regions of a Maryland county from 1998 to 2002. Maternal exposure to each by-product was evaluated for each trimester as well as over the entire pregnancy. The authors were not able to demonstrate any consistent, statistically significant effect on intrauterine growth retardation associated with any of the chlorine disinfection by-products, nor did they find any indication of a dose-response relation. However, they did find some potential for a slightly elevated risk of intrauterine growth retardation during the second and third trimesters for both total trihalomethanes and five haloacetic acids when comparing increasing quintiles of exposure to constituents of total trihalomethanes and five haloacetic acids.
当水从处理厂流向水龙头时，用于对供居民使用的地表水进行消毒的氯会与残留的有机和无机物质发生反应，从而产生氯消毒副产物。近年来，这些副产物已被仔细审查，被视为一种潜在的生殖和发育危害。本研究调查了1998年至2002年期间，马里兰州一个县的四个地区接触四种总三卤甲烷或五种卤乙酸（氯消毒副产物的两个主要亚组）是否与宫内生长迟缓风险增加有关。对每个孕期以及整个孕期的母体接触每种副产物的情况进行了评估。作者未能证明与任何氯消毒副产物相关的对宫内生长迟缓有任何一致的、具有统计学意义的影响，也未发现任何剂量反应关系的迹象。然而，当比较总三卤甲烷和五种卤乙酸成分的暴露增加五分位数时，他们确实发现总三卤甲烷和五种卤乙酸在孕中期和孕晚期有导致宫内生长迟缓风险略有升高的一些可能性。
