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1
Effects of caffeine and other methylxanthines on the development and metabolism of sea urchin eggs. Involvement of NADP and glutathione.咖啡因和其他甲基黄嘌呤对海胆卵发育和代谢的影响。烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸（NADP）和谷胱甘肽的作用。
J Cell Biol. 1976 Mar;68(3):440-50. doi: 10.1083/jcb.68.3.440.
2
Cyclic nucleotides, thioldisulfide status of proteins, and cellular control processes.环核苷酸、蛋白质的硫醇二硫键状态与细胞控制过程。
J Supramol Struct. 1976;5(2):199-219. doi: 10.1002/jss.400050208.
3
Multiple NADPH-producing pathways control glutathione (GSH) content in retina.多种产生烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸（NADPH）的途径控制视网膜中的谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量。
Exp Eye Res. 1986 Nov;43(5):829-47. doi: 10.1016/s0014-4835(86)80013-6.
4
Effect of dietary taurine supplementation on GSH and NAD(P)-redox status, lipid peroxidation, and energy metabolism in diabetic precataractous lens.膳食补充牛磺酸对糖尿病前期白内障晶状体中谷胱甘肽、NAD(P)氧化还原状态、脂质过氧化及能量代谢的影响。
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999 Mar;40(3):680-8.
5
Involvement of glutathione in the inhibition of sea urchin egg mitosis by phenyl glyoxal.谷胱甘肽在苯乙二醛抑制海胆卵有丝分裂中的作用。
J Cell Physiol. 1979 Jul;100(1):187-98. doi: 10.1002/jcp.1041000119.
6
Characterization of global metabolic responses of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient hepatoma cells to diamide-induced oxidative stress.葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶缺陷型肝癌细胞对二酰胺诱导的氧化应激的全球代谢反应特征。
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7
Emissive Synthetic Cofactors: Enzymatic Interconversions of A Analogues of ATP, NAD , NADH, NADP , and NADPH.发光合成辅因子：ATP、NAD、NADH、NADP 和 NADPH 的 A 类似物的酶促转化。
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2018 Jan 22;57(4):1087-1090. doi: 10.1002/anie.201711935. Epub 2017 Dec 21.
8
Diamide-induced alterations of intracellular thiol status and the regulation of glucose metabolism in the developing rat conceptus in vitro.二酰胺诱导的细胞内硫醇状态改变及体外发育中大鼠胚胎葡萄糖代谢的调节
Teratology. 1995 Oct;52(4):205-14. doi: 10.1002/tera.1420520406.
9
The reduction of diamide by rat liver mitochondria and the role of glutathione.大鼠肝脏线粒体对二酰胺的还原作用及谷胱甘肽的作用。
Biochem J. 1978 Dec 15;176(3):649-64. doi: 10.1042/bj1760649.
10
Spindle disturbances in mammalian cells. IV. The action of some glutathione-specific agents in V79 Chinese hamster cells, changes in levels of free sulfhydryls and ATP, c-mitosis and effects on DNA metabolism.哺乳动物细胞中的纺锤体紊乱。IV. 某些谷胱甘肽特异性试剂对V79中国仓鼠细胞的作用、游离巯基和ATP水平的变化、c-有丝分裂以及对DNA代谢的影响。
Mutat Res. 1987 Jun;182(3):155-72.

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Expression of HSP70 in Mytilus californianus following exposure to caffeine.暴露于咖啡因后加州贻贝中 HSP70 的表达。
Ecotoxicology. 2011 Jun;20(4):855-61. doi: 10.1007/s10646-011-0649-6. Epub 2011 Mar 23.
2
Quantitation of Chill-Induced Release of a Tubulin-Like Factor and Its Prevention by Abscisic Acid in Gossypium hirsutum L.棉花中海藻糖-1,6-二磷酸酶样蛋白冷诱导释放的定量及其与脱落酸的关系
Plant Physiol. 1983 Apr;71(4):747-8. doi: 10.1104/pp.71.4.747.
3
Microtubule dynamics and glutathione metabolism in phagocytizing human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.吞噬作用的人类多形核白细胞中的微管动力学和谷胱甘肽代谢
J Cell Biol. 1978 Feb;76(2):439-47. doi: 10.1083/jcb.76.2.439.
4
Selective, covalent modification of beta-tubulin residue Cys-239 by T138067, an antitumor agent with in vivo efficacy against multidrug-resistant tumors.T138067（一种对多药耐药肿瘤具有体内疗效的抗肿瘤药物）对β-微管蛋白残基Cys-239进行选择性、共价修饰。
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 May 11;96(10):5686-91. doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.10.5686.
5
1,1-Dichloroethylene hepatotoxicity. Time course of GSH changes and biochemical aberrations.1,1 - 二氯乙烯的肝毒性。谷胱甘肽变化及生化异常的时间进程。
Am J Pathol. 1980 Nov;101(2):331-44.
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Microtubule assembly and conanavalin A capping in lymphocytes: reappraisal using normal and abnormal human peripheral blood cells.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jun;77(6):3499-503. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.6.3499.
7
On the dynamics of the microfilament system in HeLa cells.关于海拉细胞中微丝系统的动力学
J Cell Biol. 1982 Apr;93(1):122-8. doi: 10.1083/jcb.93.1.122.
8
Studies in normal and chronic granulomatous disease neutrophils indicate a correlation of tubulin tyrosinolation with the cellular redox state.对正常和慢性肉芽肿病中性粒细胞的研究表明，微管蛋白酪氨酸化与细胞氧化还原状态相关。
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9
Effects of glutathione-oxidizing agents on microtubule assembly and microtubule-dependent surface properties of human neutrophils.谷胱甘肽氧化剂对人中性粒细胞微管组装及微管依赖表面特性的影响
J Cell Biol. 1976 Dec;71(3):921-32. doi: 10.1083/jcb.71.3.921.
10
Sulfhydryls and the in vitro polymerization of tubulin.巯基与微管蛋白的体外聚合
J Cell Biol. 1976 Jul;70(1):226-38. doi: 10.1083/jcb.70.1.226.

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咖啡因和其他甲基黄嘌呤对海胆卵发育和代谢的影响。烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸（NADP）和谷胱甘肽的作用。

Effects of caffeine and other methylxanthines on the development and metabolism of sea urchin eggs. Involvement of NADP and glutathione.

作者信息

Nath J, Rebhun J I

出版信息

J Cell Biol. 1976 Mar;68(3):440-50. doi: 10.1083/jcb.68.3.440.

DOI:10.1083/jcb.68.3.440
PMID:16015
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2109668/
Abstract

Methylxanthines (MX) inhibit cell division in sea urchin and clam eggs. This inhibitory effect is not mediated via cAMP. MX also inhibit respiration in marine eggs, at concentrations which inhibit cleavage. Studies showed that no changes occurred in ATP and ADP levels in the presence of inhibitory concentrations of MX, indicating an extra-mitochondrial site of action for the drug. Subsequent studies revealed decreased levels of NADP+ and NADPH, when eggs were incubated with inhibitory concentrations of MX, but no change in levels of NAD+ and NADH. MX did not affect the pentose phosphate shunt pathway and did not have any effect on the enzyme NAD+ -kinase. Further studies showed a marked inhibitory effect on the glutathione reductase activity of MX-treated eggs. Reduced glutathione (GSH) could reverse the cleavage inhibitory effect of MX. Moreover, diamide, a thiol-oxidizing agent specific for GSH in living cells, caused inhibition of cell division in sea urchin eggs. Diamide added to eggs containing mitotic apparatus (MA) could prevent cleavage by causing a dissolution of the formed MA. Both MX and diamide inhibit a Ca2+-activated ATPase in whole eggs. The enzyme can be reactivated by sulfhydryl reducing agents added in the assay mixture. In addition, diamide causes an inhibition of microtubule polymerization, reversible with dithioerythritol. All experimental evidence so far suggests that inhibition of mitosis in sea urchin eggs by MX is mediated by perturbations of the in vivo thiol-disulfide status of target systems, with a primary effect on glutathione levels.

摘要

甲基黄嘌呤（MX）可抑制海胆和蛤卵的细胞分裂。这种抑制作用不是通过环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）介导的。MX还能抑制海产卵的呼吸作用，其浓度可抑制卵裂。研究表明，在存在抑制浓度的MX时，三磷酸腺苷（ATP）和二磷酸腺苷（ADP）水平没有变化，这表明该药物的作用位点在线粒体外。随后的研究发现，当卵与抑制浓度的MX一起孵育时，烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸（NADP+）和还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸（NADPH）水平降低，但烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NAD+）和还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NADH）水平没有变化。MX不影响磷酸戊糖途径，对NAD+激酶也没有任何影响。进一步的研究表明，MX处理的卵的谷胱甘肽还原酶活性受到显著抑制。还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）可以逆转MX对卵裂的抑制作用。此外，二酰胺是一种对活细胞中GSH具有特异性的硫醇氧化剂，可导致海胆卵的细胞分裂受到抑制。添加到含有有丝分裂器（MA）的卵中的二酰胺可通过使形成的MA溶解来阻止卵裂。MX和二酰胺都能抑制完整卵中的钙激活ATP酶。该酶可被测定混合物中添加的巯基还原剂重新激活。此外，二酰胺会抑制微管聚合，二硫苏糖醇可使其逆转。目前所有的实验证据都表明，MX对海胆卵有丝分裂的抑制作用是由靶系统体内硫醇-二硫键状态的扰动介导的，主要影响谷胱甘肽水平。