Gontcharov Igor B, Kovachevich Irina V, Pool Sam L, Navinkov Oleg L, Barratt Michael R, Bogomolov Valery V, House Nancy
State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation, Institute for Biomedical Problems, Moscow, Russia.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 2005 Jul;76(7):692-6.
This paper summarizes medical experience during the six NASA-Mir flights from March 14, 1995, to June 4, 1998. There were 7 U.S. astronauts who were part of 6 Mir space crews and worked jointly with 12 Russian cosmonauts. Advances in space medicine have created a safer environment; however, experience shows that crewmembers experience traumatic injuries and illnesses of diverse etiologies during spaceflight. During these joint flights both Russian and U.S. medical kits were available to crewmembers who could access either medical kit as appropriate. The Russian medical team had primary responsibility for monitoring and care of all crewmembers and analyzing medical results. When medical incidents occurred, the appropriate Russian or U.S. medical team determined the plan for diagnosis and treatment. Each team kept the other informed regarding medical situations during the flights and strictly observed the principles of medical confidentiality. A summary of medical incidents by programmatic element is described as experienced by the crewmembers and the ground support medical teams. The most frequent medical cases were small traumatic injuries to the skin and mucous membranes and fluctuations in the cardiovascular system, manifesting primarily in the form of cardiac dysrhythmias. The ability to use both the Russian medical aids and the U.S. medical kit significantly increased the effectiveness and reliability of therapeutic and prophylactic care. The degree of medical care and cooperation established precedents for integrating these systems for the medical support of expeditions on the International Space Station.
本文总结了1995年3月14日至1998年6月4日期间美国国家航空航天局（NASA）与和平号空间站进行的6次联合飞行任务中的医学经验。共有7名美国宇航员参与了6次和平号空间站乘员组，并与12名俄罗斯宇航员共同工作。太空医学的进步创造了更安全的环境；然而，经验表明，机组人员在太空飞行期间会遭遇各种病因导致的创伤性损伤和疾病。在这些联合飞行任务中，俄罗斯和美国的医疗包都可供机组人员使用，他们可以根据需要取用任意一个医疗包。俄罗斯医疗团队主要负责监测和照料所有机组人员，并分析医学结果。当发生医疗事件时，由相应的俄罗斯或美国医疗团队确定诊断和治疗方案。两个团队在飞行期间相互通报医疗情况，并严格遵守医疗保密原则。本文按照计划要素总结了机组人员和地面支持医疗团队所经历的医疗事件。最常见的医疗病例是皮肤和黏膜的轻度创伤性损伤以及心血管系统波动，主要表现为心律失常。能够同时使用俄罗斯医疗辅助设备和美国医疗包显著提高了治疗和预防护理的有效性和可靠性。这种医疗护理和合作程度为国际空间站任务的医疗支持系统整合树立了先例。
