胚胎发育期间暴露于低浓度邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯会降低非洲爪蟾的生存能力并损害其发育。
Exposure to low concentrations of di-n-butyl phthalate during embryogenesis reduces survivability and impairs development of Xenopus laevis frogs.
作者信息
Lee Shannon K, Owens Gwen A, Veeramachaneni D N Rao
机构信息
Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80253-1683, USA.
出版信息
J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2005 May 28;68(10):763-72. doi: 10.1080/15287390590930243.
Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) appears to be a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, as indicated by its presence in air, water, and soil worldwide (Giam et al., 1980; ATSDR, 2001; Peterson & Freeman, 1982) and the presence of its major metabolite, monobutyl phthalate (MBP), in random human urine samples (Blount et al., 2000). Studies indicate that exposure to a variety of endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as DBP, may be partially responsible for reported global amphibian declines; if so, amphibians may serve as ecological harbingers for the future of human health. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of DBP on development in Xenopus laevis African clawed frogs. Developmental effects of DBP on Xenopus embryos were determined using the 96-h frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus (FETAX). Embryos (n = 300/group) were exposed from gastrulation (stage 8-11) through primary organogenesis (stage 46) to 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, or 15 ppm DBP dissolved in 0.01% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), vehicle alone (0.01% DMSO; solvent control), or FETAX culture medium only (control; n = 600). At 96 h, mortalities for control, solvent control, and 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, and 15 ppm DBP were 5, 4, 6, 5, 5, 9, 18, and 52%, respectively; the incidence of developmental malformations in the surviving tadpoles was 7, 9, 15, 37, 51, 53, 90, and 100%. The average length of embryos was significantly lower in all DBP treatment groups. Thus, DBP significantly affected development of Xenopus embryos at low, environmentally relevant concentrations.
邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）似乎是一种普遍存在的环境污染物，全球范围内的空气、水和土壤中均有其存在的迹象（Giam等人，1980年；美国毒物与疾病登记署，2001年；Peterson和Freeman，1982年），并且在随机采集的人类尿液样本中也存在其主要代谢物单丁基邻苯二甲酸酯（MBP）（Blount等人，2000年）。研究表明，接触多种内分泌干扰化学物质，如DBP，可能是全球两栖动物数量减少的部分原因；如果是这样，两栖动物可能成为人类健康未来的生态预兆。因此，本研究旨在调查环境相关浓度的DBP对非洲爪蟾非洲爪蟾发育的影响。使用96小时青蛙胚胎致畸试验 - 非洲爪蟾（FETAX）确定DBP对非洲爪蟾胚胎的发育影响。胚胎（每组n = 300）从原肠胚形成期（第8 - 11阶段）到主要器官形成期（第46阶段）暴露于溶解在0.01%二甲基亚砜（DMSO）中的0.1、0.5、1、5、10或15 ppm DBP、单独的赋形剂（0.01% DMSO；溶剂对照）或仅FETAX培养基（对照；n = 600）。在96小时时，对照、溶剂对照以及0.1、0.5、1、5、10和15 ppm DBP组的死亡率分别为5%、4%、6%、5%、5%、9%、18%和52%；存活蝌蚪中发育畸形的发生率分别为7%、9%、15%、37%、51%、53%、90%和100%。所有DBP处理组胚胎的平均长度均显著降低。因此，DBP在低环境相关浓度下显著影响非洲爪蟾胚胎的发育。
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