Grant J S, Kinney M R
University of Alabama, School of Nursing, Birmingham 35294-1210.
J Neurosci Nurs. 1992 Apr;24(2):94-8. doi: 10.1097/01376517-199204000-00008.
Validation of nursing diagnoses is an essential step in developing knowledge for nursing practice and should be a major goal of the discipline. Nursing diagnoses must have clinical referents, that is, defining characteristics which appear in patient populations exhibiting specific nursing diagnoses. Selecting nursing diagnoses for patient populations, developing a list of defining characteristics and operational definitions for a nursing diagnosis, selecting a standard to discriminate among subjects and constructing an instrument to document the occurrence of defining characteristics in selected patient populations are preliminary steps in identifying clinical referents. Methodological concerns addressed in establishing clinical referents for nursing diagnoses included controlling confounding factors, determining sample size, conducting a pilot study, determining interrater reliability, selecting appropriate statistical tests, and identifying critical defining characteristics for a nursing diagnosis.
护理诊断的验证是发展护理实践知识的关键步骤，应成为该学科的主要目标。护理诊断必须有临床依据，即出现在表现出特定护理诊断的患者群体中的定义性特征。为患者群体选择护理诊断、制定护理诊断的定义性特征列表和操作定义、选择区分受试者的标准以及构建记录选定患者群体中定义性特征出现情况的工具，是确定临床依据的初步步骤。在为护理诊断确定临床依据时涉及的方法学问题包括控制混杂因素、确定样本量、进行预试验、确定评定者间信度、选择适当的统计检验以及识别护理诊断的关键定义性特征。
