Nevin J A
Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824.
J Exp Anal Behav. 1992 May;57(3):301-16. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1992.57-301.
Behavioral momentum is the product of response rate and resistance to change. The data on relative resistance to change are summarized for pigeons responding on single-key two-component multiple schedules, in the initial links of two-key multiple chained schedules, and in equivalent components of two-key serial schedules. For single-key procedures, the ratio of resistance to change in two schedule components is shown to depend on the ratio of reinforcer rates obtained in the presence of the component stimuli. For two-key procedures, the ratio of resistance to change in equivalent components is shown to depend on the ratio of reinforcer rates correlated with key locations. A model based on stimulus-reinforcer contingencies that combines the reinforcer rates in schedule components summed over key locations and reinforcer rates correlated with key locations summed over components, each expressed relative to the session average reinforcer rate, gives a good account of the data. An extension of the relative law of effect for multiple schedules fails to provide a complete account of resistance to change, but both approaches are needed for a comprehensive understanding of behavioral momentum.
行为动量是反应速率与对变化的抵抗力的乘积。关于对变化的相对抵抗力的数据，总结了鸽子在单键双成分多重时间表上的反应、在双键多重连锁时间表的初始环节中的反应，以及在双键序列时间表的等效成分中的反应。对于单键程序，两个时间表成分中对变化的抵抗力之比显示取决于在成分刺激出现时获得的强化率之比。对于双键程序，等效成分中对变化的抵抗力之比显示取决于与键位置相关的强化率之比。一个基于刺激-强化物偶联的模型，该模型将跨键位置求和的时间表成分中的强化率与跨成分求和的与键位置相关的强化率相结合，每个强化率都相对于会话平均强化率表示，能够很好地解释这些数据。多重时间表的相对效果律的扩展未能完整解释对变化的抵抗力，但对于全面理解行为动量而言，两种方法都是必要的。
