Nucci Marcio, Marr Kieren A
University Hospital, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Clin Infect Dis. 2005 Aug 15;41(4):521-6. doi: 10.1086/432060. Epub 2005 Jul 11.
The epidemiology of invasive fungal infection is evolving. Yeasts other than Candida albicans and molds other than Aspergillus fumigatus have emerged as significant causes of invasive mycoses in severely immunocompromised patients. Although, in some instances, these changes may be related to medical interventions, such as the use of antifungal agents in prophylaxis, in the majority of cases, they seem to be a consequence of changes in the host, such as more-severe immunosuppression or different types of immunosuppression impacting both risk periods and the infections that occur. These factors have altered the epidemiology of infection in organ transplant recipients, premature newborns, and critically ill patients. This review discusses the epidemiology of some fungal infections that have emerged in the past few years, with an emphasis on the potential factors associated with their emergence and on practical implications of these epidemiological changes.
侵袭性真菌感染的流行病学正在演变。白色念珠菌以外的酵母和烟曲霉以外的霉菌已成为严重免疫功能低下患者侵袭性真菌病的重要病因。虽然在某些情况下，这些变化可能与医疗干预措施有关，如预防性使用抗真菌药物，但在大多数情况下，它们似乎是宿主变化的结果，如更严重的免疫抑制或不同类型的免疫抑制对风险期和发生的感染均产生影响。这些因素改变了器官移植受者、早产儿和重症患者的感染流行病学。本综述讨论了过去几年中出现的一些真菌感染的流行病学，重点关注与其出现相关的潜在因素以及这些流行病学变化的实际影响。
