Sahal M, Karaer Z, Yasa Duru S, Cizmeci S, Tanyel B
Klinik für Innere Krankheiten, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät der Universität Ankara.
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2005 Jun;112(6):203-8, 210.
In the first part of the present study, a total of 109 faeces samples collected from calves suffering from diarrhoea were examined for Cryptosporidium parvum oocytes and 39 (35.8%) of them were found to be positive. On the basis of oocyte counts, 14 (36%) samples were assessed as mildly infected and 25 (64%) samples as heavily infected. The occurrence of the disease was more common in winter (56.4%) than during other seasons (autuma 0%, summer 15.4% spring 28.2%. In the present study, the ionophore polyetherantibiotic Lasalocid-Na, that is licensed as a feed additive (Bovatec, 15% Lasalocid-Na, Roche AG) in Turkey, was administered to 11 calves naturally infected with Cryptosporidium and its therapeutic effect was evaluated. Lasalocid-Na (8 mg/ kg BW) was given once daily for 3 days added to the milk. The clinical parameters of infected calves were evaluated before and 3 days after the treatment in 24 hour intervals. The oocyst counts of faeces of calves with cryptosporidiosis were between 15 x 10(6) and 96 x 10(6)/mL before treatment. No oocystes were found in faecal samples of 3 calves (27.3%) after 48 hours and 4 (40%) calves after 72 hours of treatment, respectively. The number of oocytes in the faeces of the remaining calves varied between 90 and 1.2 x 10(6)/mL during the respective period. The number of oocystes before treatment was significantly higher than the number of oocytes after treatment. One of the calves died 56 h after the first treatment despite the treatment. The pH of venous blood was decreased prior to treatment as expected. The lowest pH was 6.83, the lowest bicarbonate concentration was 3.80 mmol/l and the lowest base excess was -31.2 mmol/l. After the treatment, pH, pCO2, HCO3- and BE values of the venous blood increased significantly and reached physiological values before discharge. The differences between the values assessed before the treatment and at the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th sampling time were statistically significant. Number of leucocyte and haemoglobin concentration before the treatment were significantly higher than the values after treatment (p < 0.01). These values returned back to physiological ranges 72 hours after first treatment. Lasalocid-Na was rather well tolerated. Side effects such as the decline of the suckling reflex and intoxication symptoms in respect to present administration form and dosage were found only in one calf (9%). Treatment procedure in the present study with Lasalocid-Na was found to be suitable in combination with an adequate infusion therapy for the treatment of calves on farms with problems related to cryptosporidiosis. Although the use of Lasolacid-Na for the treatment of Cryptosporidium infection in the EU is banned, it might be used as an alternative drug outside of the EU since it has a successful effect for preventing reinfections.
在本研究的第一部分，对从患腹泻的犊牛采集的总共109份粪便样本进行了微小隐孢子虫卵囊检测，发现其中39份（35.8%）呈阳性。根据卵囊计数，14份（36%）样本被评估为轻度感染，25份（64%）样本为重度感染。该疾病在冬季的发生率（56.4%）高于其他季节（秋季0%，夏季15.4%，春季28.2%）。在本研究中，将在土耳其被许可作为饲料添加剂（牛至菌素，15%牛至菌素钠，罗氏公司）的离子载体聚醚抗生素拉沙洛西钠给予11头自然感染隐孢子虫的犊牛，并评估其治疗效果。拉沙洛西钠（8毫克/千克体重）添加到牛奶中，每天给药1次，持续3天。以24小时为间隔，在治疗前和治疗后3天评估感染犊牛的临床参数。患隐孢子虫病犊牛粪便中的卵囊计数在治疗前为15×10⁶至96×10⁶/毫升。治疗48小时后，3头犊牛（27.3%）的粪便样本中未发现卵囊，治疗72小时后，4头犊牛（40%）的粪便样本中未发现卵囊。在相应时间段内，其余犊牛粪便中的卵囊数量在90至1.2×10⁶/毫升之间变化。治疗前的卵囊数量显著高于治疗后的卵囊数量。其中1头犊牛在首次治疗后56小时死亡，尽管进行了治疗。正如预期的那样，治疗前静脉血的pH值下降。最低pH值为6.83，最低碳酸氢盐浓度为3.80毫摩尔/升，最低碱剩余为 -31.2毫摩尔/升。治疗后，静脉血的pH值、二氧化碳分压、碳酸氢根离子和碱剩余值显著升高，并在出院前达到生理值。治疗前评估的值与第2、3和4次采样时间的值之间的差异具有统计学意义。治疗前白细胞数量和血红蛋白浓度显著高于治疗后的值（p < 0.01）。这些值在首次治疗72小时后恢复到生理范围。拉沙洛西钠的耐受性相当好。仅在1头犊牛（9%）中发现了与当前给药形式和剂量相关的诸如吮乳反射下降和中毒症状等副作用。本研究中使用拉沙洛西钠的治疗方法被发现与适当的输液疗法联合使用，适用于治疗存在隐孢子虫病相关问题的农场中的犊牛。尽管在欧盟禁止使用拉沙洛西钠治疗隐孢子虫感染，但由于其在预防再感染方面有成功效果，在欧盟以外地区可能用作替代药物。
