Nardi Francesco, Carapelli Antonio, Dallai Romano, Roderick George K, Frati Francesco
Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
Mol Ecol. 2005 Aug;14(9):2729-38. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02610.x.
The olive fly, Bactrocera oleae, is the major pest of olives in most commercial olive-growing regions worldwide. The species is abundant in the Mediterranean basin and has been introduced recently into California and Mexico, creating problems for quarantine protection and international trade. Here, we use nuclear microsatellite markers and mitochondrial sequences to examine the history of olive fly range expansion and colonization. Sampled populations span the current distribution of the olive fly worldwide, including South and Central Africa, Pakistan, Mediterranean Europe and Middle East, California, and Mexico. The Pakistani populations appear to be genetically well differentiated from the remaining populations, though rooting the origins of the species is problematic. Genetic similarity and assignment tests cluster the remaining populations into two genetic groups--Africa and a group including the Mediterranean basin and the American region. That Africa, and not the Mediterranean, is the origin of flies infesting cultivated olive is supported by the significantly greater genetic diversity at microsatellite loci in Africa relative to the Mediterranean area. The results also indicate that the recent invasion of olive flies in the American region most likely originated from the Mediterranean area.
橄榄实蝇（Bactrocera oleae）是全球大多数商业化橄榄种植地区橄榄的主要害虫。该物种在地中海盆地数量众多，最近已被引入加利福尼亚和墨西哥，给检疫保护和国际贸易带来了问题。在此，我们使用核微卫星标记和线粒体序列来研究橄榄实蝇分布范围扩张和定殖的历史。采样种群涵盖了橄榄实蝇目前在全球的分布范围，包括南部和中部非洲、巴基斯坦、地中海欧洲和中东、加利福尼亚以及墨西哥。巴基斯坦的种群在基因上似乎与其他种群有明显差异，尽管确定该物种的起源存在问题。遗传相似性和归属测试将其他种群聚类为两个基因组——非洲以及一个包括地中海盆地和美洲地区的组。相对于地中海地区，非洲微卫星位点的遗传多样性显著更高，这支持了侵染栽培橄榄的实蝇起源于非洲而非地中海地区的观点。研究结果还表明，橄榄实蝇最近对美洲地区的入侵很可能起源于地中海地区。
