Aldwell F E, Keen D L, Stent V C, Thomson A, Yates G F, de Lisle G W, Buddle B M
AgResearch, Wallaceville Animal Research Centre, P.O. Box 40-063, Upper Hutt, New Zealand.
N Z Vet J. 1995 Dec;43(7):356-9. doi: 10.1080/00480169./1995.35920.
The Australian brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) is the major wildlife reservoir of Mycobacterium bovis in New Zealand. Control of bovine tuberculosis in farmed animals requires measures to reduce the transmission of M. bovis from wildlife. Possums were vaccinated with BCG intranasally by aerosol spray, orally or subcutaneously to compare the efficacy of these three routes on protection against challenge with virulent M. bovis. Possums vaccinated with BCG by the intranasal or subcutaneous routes had a marked reduction in severity of disease compared to possums which had been unvaccinated or orally vaccinated. The severity of the disease was assessed by changes in body weight and pathology. BCG vaccination by all three routes resulted in reduced dissemination of M. bovis to the spleen and liver following challenge. Intranasal and oral BCG vaccination induced lower mean peripheral blood lymphocyte blastogenic responses to bovine PPD than subcutaneous vaccination, indicating that these responses did not correlate well with protection from the disease. Given a suitable delivery system, aerosol vaccination of possums, used in conjunction with other control measures, may be a suitable method of reducing the spread of M. bovis from wildlife to domestic animals.
澳大利亚帚尾袋貂（Trichosurus vulpecula）是新西兰牛分枝杆菌的主要野生动物宿主。控制养殖动物中的牛结核病需要采取措施减少牛分枝杆菌从野生动物的传播。通过气溶胶喷雾、口服或皮下途径给袋貂接种卡介苗，以比较这三种途径对抵抗强毒牛分枝杆菌攻击的保护效果。与未接种或口服接种卡介苗的袋貂相比，通过鼻内或皮下途径接种卡介苗的袋貂疾病严重程度明显降低。通过体重变化和病理学评估疾病严重程度。所有三种途径接种卡介苗均导致攻击后牛分枝杆菌向脾脏和肝脏的扩散减少。与皮下接种相比，鼻内和口服卡介苗接种诱导的对牛PPD的平均外周血淋巴细胞增殖反应较低，表明这些反应与对疾病的保护相关性不佳。如果有合适的给药系统，袋貂的气溶胶疫苗接种与其他控制措施结合使用，可能是减少牛分枝杆菌从野生动物传播到家畜的合适方法。
