Tveiten S, Severinsson E
Akershus University College, Faculty of Nursing, Lillestrøm, Norway.
Int Nurs Rev. 2005 Sep;52(3):210-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-7657.2005.00266.x.
The aim of this study was to explore and describe what public health nurses (PHNs) understand by client supervision and how they perform it.
The main principles of the health promotion discourse initiated by the World Health Organization (WHO) over the last 20-30 years are client participation and the view of the client as expert. Supervision is one relevant intervention strategy in the empowerment process, in which these principles play a central role. There is a lack of research pertaining to the intervention models employed by PHNs.
Twenty-three transcribed audiotaped dialogues between PHNs and their clients were analysed by means of qualitative content analysis.
What the PHNs understand by supervision and how they perform it can be described by three themes: continuity in relationships and reflexivity in the supervision approach, communicating with the client about his/her needs, problems and worries; and the organization of client supervision.
The PHNs in this study understand client supervision as communication and relationships with clients on the subject of a healthy lifestyle, child development and coping with everyday life. The PHNs' approach to client supervision seemed to include aspects of empowerment by means of client participation and the view of the client as expert. However, the PHNs themselves had an expert role.
本研究旨在探索并描述公共卫生护士（PHN）对客户监督的理解以及他们是如何进行监督的。
世界卫生组织（WHO）在过去20至30年发起的健康促进话语的主要原则是客户参与以及将客户视为专家的观点。监督是赋权过程中的一种相关干预策略，在这一过程中这些原则发挥着核心作用。目前缺乏关于公共卫生护士所采用的干预模式的研究。
通过定性内容分析对公共卫生护士与其客户之间的23段转录音频对话进行了分析。
公共卫生护士对监督的理解以及他们的监督方式可以通过三个主题来描述：关系的连续性和监督方法中的反思性、就客户的需求、问题和担忧与客户沟通；以及客户监督的组织。
本研究中的公共卫生护士将客户监督理解为就健康生活方式、儿童发展和日常生活应对等主题与客户进行沟通及建立关系。公共卫生护士的客户监督方法似乎包括通过客户参与和将客户视为专家来实现赋权的方面。然而，公共卫生护士自身也扮演着专家的角色。
