Department of Research, Development and Education, Halmstad, Sweden ; School of Health and Medical Sciences Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
School of Health and Medical Sciences Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
BMC Nurs. 2014 May 5;13:13. doi: 10.1186/1472-6955-13-13. eCollection 2014.
According to World Health Organization about 75% of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes and 40% of all cases of cancer could be prevented if the risk factors tobacco use, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity and harmful use of alcohol could be eliminated. Patients often need help in monitoring themselves to make the proper lifestyle changes and it is important that adequate support is provided to enable the patients to take control over their health. Motivational interviewing is a framework that can help to facilitate this movement. The aim of this study was to describe how patients in primary health care settings experience lifestyle discussions based on motivational interviewing.
This study has a descriptive design and qualitative content analysis was used as the method. Sixteen patients who had each visited a registered nurse for lifestyle discussions were interviewed.
The results show that the lifestyle discussions could enable self-determination in the process of lifestyle change but that certain conditions were required. Mutual interaction between the patient and the nurse that contributes to a sense of well-being in the patients was a necessary condition for the lifestyle discussion to be helpful. When the discussion resulted in a new way of thinking about lifestyle and when patient initiative was encouraged, the discussion could contribute to change. The patient's free will to make a lifestyle change and the nurse's sensitivity in the discussions created fertile soil for change.
This study focuses on MI-based discussions, and the result shows that a subset of patients, who self-reported that they are motivated and aware of their role in making lifestyle changes, appreciate these strategies. However, it is not known whether discussions would be experienced in the same way if RNs used another method or if patients who were less motivated, engaged, or aware of their role in making lifestyle changes were interviewed.
根据世界卫生组织的统计，75%的心血管疾病和 2 型糖尿病以及 40%的癌症病例，如果能够消除吸烟、不健康饮食、缺乏身体活动和有害使用酒精等风险因素，是可以预防的。患者在自我监测以做出适当的生活方式改变时往往需要帮助，为了使患者能够控制自己的健康，提供足够的支持是很重要的。动机访谈是一种可以帮助促进这一转变的框架。本研究的目的是描述初级保健环境中的患者如何体验基于动机访谈的生活方式讨论。
本研究采用描述性设计，使用定性内容分析作为方法。对 16 名曾因生活方式讨论而拜访过注册护士的患者进行了访谈。
研究结果表明，生活方式讨论可以使患者在生活方式改变的过程中实现自我决定，但需要满足一定的条件。患者与护士之间的相互作用，有助于患者的幸福感，这是生活方式讨论具有帮助性的必要条件。当讨论导致对生活方式的新思维方式，并且鼓励患者主动参与时，讨论可以促进改变。患者改变生活方式的自由意愿和护士在讨论中的敏感性为改变创造了有利条件。
本研究侧重于基于 MI 的讨论，结果表明，一部分自我报告有动力并意识到自己在生活方式改变中的角色的患者，欣赏这些策略。然而，尚不清楚如果注册护士使用另一种方法，或者如果访谈的患者的动力、参与度或对自己在生活方式改变中的角色的意识较低，他们是否会以同样的方式体验讨论。
