Murphy J, Devane M L, Robson B, Gilpin B J
Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, Christchurch Science Centre, Christchurch, New Zealand.
J Appl Microbiol. 2005;99(2):301-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02590.x.
To characterize the bacterial composition of mallard duck faeces and determine if novel bacterial species are present that could be utilized as potential indicators of avian faecal contamination.
Combined samples of fresh faeces from four ducks were serially diluted and plated onto six different media selected to allow the growth of a range of organisms at 42 degrees C under three atmospheric conditions: aerobic, microaerophilic and anaerobic. Forty-seven morphologically dissimilar isolates were purified and partial sequencing of the16S rRNA indicated at least 31 bacterial species. Twenty of these could be identified to the species level including pathogenic species of Bacillus, Campylobacter, Clostridium and Streptococcus. Other species identified included: Enterococcus, Escherichia, Megamonas, Cellulosimicrobium, Neisseria, Staphylococcus and Veillonella. Potentially novel species, which could represent bacteria specific to avian fauna included Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Macrococcus and Peptostreptococcus, while four isolates had <97% similarity to known bacterial species in the available databases.
A survey of the natural microflora of the mallard duck and its hybrid with the grey duck identified both bacteria that are potentially human pathogenic and putative novel bacteria species as determined by 16S rRNA sequencing.
This study provides further evidence that duck faeces is a potential human health hazard, and has identified bacteria potentially useful for distinguishing duck faeces from other faecal sources.
描述绿头鸭粪便的细菌组成，并确定是否存在可作为禽类粪便污染潜在指标的新细菌物种。
将来自四只鸭子的新鲜粪便混合样本进行系列稀释，然后接种到六种不同的培养基上，这些培养基被选择用于在三种大气条件（需氧、微需氧和厌氧）下于42摄氏度培养一系列微生物。纯化了47株形态各异的分离株，16S rRNA的部分测序表明至少有31种细菌。其中20种可以鉴定到种水平，包括芽孢杆菌属、弯曲杆菌属、梭菌属和链球菌属的致病物种。鉴定出的其他物种包括：肠球菌属、大肠杆菌属、巨单胞菌属、纤维微菌属、奈瑟菌属、葡萄球菌属和韦荣球菌属。可能代表禽类特有的新物种包括芽孢杆菌属、棒状杆菌属、巨球菌属和消化链球菌属，而有4株分离株与现有数据库中已知细菌物种的相似度<97%。
对绿头鸭及其与灰鸭杂交种的自然微生物区系进行的调查，通过16S rRNA测序确定了既可能是人类致病菌又可能是新细菌物种的细菌。
本研究进一步证明鸭粪是对人类健康的潜在危害，并鉴定出可能有助于区分鸭粪与其他粪便来源的细菌。
