Weisel Amatzia, Cinamon Rachel Gali
School of Education, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel 69978.
J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ. 2005 Fall;10(4):376-89. doi: 10.1093/deafed/eni045. Epub 2005 Jul 21.
This study examined 74 deaf and hard-of-hearing (D/HH) and 91 hearing high school students regarding their own occupational aspirations and their evaluations of occupational competence (EOCs) for deaf adults. In the EOC, participants rated the suitability of 25 occupations (varying according to prestige and required level of communication) for deaf men and women. The results showed that occupations requiring intensive communication levels, regardless of their prestige, were evaluated as much less suitable for deaf individuals than were those requiring less communication. D/HH adolescents did not find highly prestigious occupations as suitable for deaf adults even when communication barriers were irrelevant. Both D/HH and hearing participants expressed biased evaluations of deaf women's competence, but no further evidence emerged for stereotypic attitudes. Higher educational aspirations among hearing adolescents, especially hearing males, correlated with a higher EOC of deaf adults. No such associations emerged for D/HH participants. No gender effects emerged. Implications of these outcomes for career development, especially for females, were discussed.
本研究调查了74名失聪及听力障碍（D/HH）的高中生和91名听力正常的高中生，了解他们自己的职业抱负以及他们对成年失聪者职业能力的评估（EOC）。在职业能力评估中，参与者对25种职业（根据声望和所需沟通水平而有所不同）对失聪男性和女性的适合性进行了评分。结果表明，无论声望如何，需要高强度沟通水平的职业被认为比需要较少沟通的职业对失聪者的适合性要低得多。即使沟通障碍无关紧要，失聪及听力障碍的青少年也不认为声望高的职业适合成年失聪者。失聪及听力障碍者和听力正常的参与者都对失聪女性的能力表达了有偏差的评估，但没有出现进一步的刻板印象态度的证据。听力正常的青少年，尤其是听力正常的男性，较高的教育抱负与对成年失聪者较高的职业能力评估相关。失聪及听力障碍的参与者则没有出现这种关联。没有出现性别效应。讨论了这些结果对职业发展的影响，特别是对女性的影响。
