Freedman Robert, Ross Randal, Leonard Sherry, Myles-Worsley Marina, Adams Catherine E, Waldo Merilyne, Tregellas Jason, Martin Laura, Olincy Ann, Tanabe Jody, Kisley Michael A, Hunter Sharon, Stevens Karen E
Department of Psychiatry C-268-71, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2005;7(1):17-29. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2005.7.1/frreedman.
Biological traits that are predictive of the later development of psychosis have not yet been identified. The complex, multidetermined nature of schizophrenia and other psychoses makes it unlikely that any single biomarker will be both sensitive and specific enough to unambiguously identify individuals who will later become psychotic. However, current genetic research has begun to identify genes associated with schizophrenia, some of which have phenotypes that appear early in life. While these phenotypes have low predictive power for identifying individuals who will become psychotic, they do serve as biomarkers for pathophysiological processes that can become the targets of prevention strategies. Examples are given from work on the role of the alpha(T)nicotinic receptor and its gene CHRNA7 on chromosome 15 in the neurobiology and genetic transmission of schizophrenia.
尚未确定能够预测精神病后期发展的生物学特征。精神分裂症和其他精神病具有复杂、多因素决定的性质，这使得任何单一生物标志物都不太可能同时具备足够的敏感性和特异性，以明确识别出日后会患精神病的个体。然而，当前的基因研究已开始识别与精神分裂症相关的基因，其中一些基因的表型在生命早期就已出现。虽然这些表型在识别未来会患精神病的个体方面预测能力较低，但它们确实可作为病理生理过程的生物标志物，而这些病理生理过程可成为预防策略的目标。文中列举了关于α(T)烟碱受体及其位于15号染色体上的基因CHRNA7在精神分裂症神经生物学和基因传递中的作用的研究实例。
