Krebs Dennis L, Denton Kathy
Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
Psychol Rev. 2005 Jul;112(3):629-49. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.112.3.629.
In this article, the authors evaluate L. Kohlberg's (1984) cognitive- developmental approach to morality, find it wanting, and introduce a more pragmatic approach. They review research designed to evaluate Kohlberg's model, describe how they revised the model to accommodate discrepant findings, and explain why they concluded that it is poorly equipped to account for the ways in which people make moral decisions in their everyday lives. The authors outline in 11 propositions a framework for a new approach that is more attentive to the purposes that people use morality to achieve. People make moral judgments and engage in moral behaviors to induce themselves and others to uphold systems of cooperative exchange that help them achieve their goals and advance their interests.
在本文中，作者评估了劳伦斯·科尔伯格（1984）的道德认知发展方法，发现其存在不足，并引入了一种更务实的方法。他们回顾了旨在评估科尔伯格模型的研究，描述了他们如何修订该模型以适应不一致的研究结果，并解释了为什么他们得出结论认为该模型难以解释人们在日常生活中做出道德决策的方式。作者在11个命题中概述了一种新方法的框架，该方法更关注人们利用道德来实现的目的。人们做出道德判断并参与道德行为，以促使自己和他人维护合作交换体系，这些体系有助于他们实现目标并增进自身利益。
