Yu Jae-Hyuk, Keller Nancy
Department of Food Microbiology and Toxicology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2005;43:437-58. doi: 10.1146/annurev.phyto.43.040204.140214.
Fungal secondary metabolites are of intense interest to humankind due to their pharmaceutical (antibiotics) and/or toxic (mycotoxins) properties. In the past decade, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the genes that are associated with production of various fungal secondary metabolites. Moreover, the regulatory mechanisms controlling biosynthesis of diverse groups of secondary metabolites have been unveiled. In this review, we present the current understanding of the genetic regulation of secondary metabolism from clustering of biosynthetic genes to global regulators balancing growth, sporulation, and secondary metabolite production in selected fungi with emphasis on regulation of metabolites of agricultural concern. Particularly, the roles of G protein signaling components and developmental regulators in the mycotoxin sterigmatocystin biosynthesis in the model fungus Aspergillus nidulans are discussed in depth.
真菌次级代谢产物因其药学（抗生素）和/或毒性（霉菌毒素）特性而备受人类关注。在过去十年中，在理解与各种真菌次级代谢产物产生相关的基因方面取得了巨大进展。此外，控制不同组次级代谢产物生物合成的调控机制也已被揭示。在本综述中，我们阐述了目前对次级代谢遗传调控的理解，从生物合成基因的聚类到在选定真菌中平衡生长、孢子形成和次级代谢产物产生的全局调控因子，重点是对农业相关代谢产物的调控。特别是，深入讨论了G蛋白信号成分和发育调控因子在模式真菌构巢曲霉中霉菌毒素柄曲霉素生物合成中的作用。
