University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Adv Appl Microbiol. 2014;86:251-78. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-800262-9.00005-6.
Mycotoxins are natural contaminants of food and feed products, posing a substantial health risk to humans and animals throughout the world. A plethora of filamentous fungi has been identified as mycotoxin producers and most of these fungal species belong to the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium. A number of studies have been conducted to better understand the molecular mechanisms of biosynthesis of key mycotoxins and the regulatory cascades controlling toxigenesis. In many cases, the mycotoxin biosynthetic genes are clustered and regulated by one or more pathway-specific transcription factor(s). In addition, as biosynthesis of many secondary metabolites is coordinated with fungal growth and development, there are a number of upstream regulators affecting biosynthesis of mycotoxins in fungi. This review presents a concise summary of the regulation of mycotoxin biosynthesis, focusing on the roles of the upstream regulatory elements governing biosynthesis of aflatoxin and sterigmatocystin in Aspergillus.
真菌毒素是食品和饲料产品的天然污染物，对全世界的人类和动物健康构成重大威胁。已鉴定出大量丝状真菌可产生真菌毒素，其中大多数真菌物种属于曲霉属、镰刀菌属和青霉属。已经进行了许多研究，以更好地了解关键真菌毒素生物合成的分子机制和控制产毒的调节级联。在许多情况下，真菌毒素生物合成基因簇被一个或多个途径特异性转录因子调控。此外，由于许多次级代谢物的生物合成与真菌的生长和发育相协调，因此有许多上游调节剂会影响真菌中真菌毒素的生物合成。本文简要综述了真菌毒素生物合成的调控，重点介绍了调控曲霉中黄曲霉毒素和杂色曲霉素生物合成的上游调控元件的作用。
