Ejaz Sohail, Woong Lim Chae
Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.
Arch Toxicol. 2006 Feb;80(2):107-14. doi: 10.1007/s00204-005-0012-x. Epub 2005 Aug 4.
Embryonic movements (EM) are considered to be the first sign of life and cigarette smoking during pregnancy has been linked to affect EM. Exposure to sidestream smoke, produced from the emissions of a smoldering cigarette, may result in poor pregnancy outcome and increased risk of serious perinatal morbidity and mortality. In this study, the chicken embryo bioassay was used to systematically assess the effects of short-term exposure to sidestream whole smoke solutions (SSWSS) on EM, recorded in real time by a video camera for 60 min and each EM was counted for every 3-min interval. Application of different types of SSWSS to the embryos caused significant changes in all types of EM from 15 to 18 min of recording time. Extensive reduction (P<0.001) and some time complete stoppage of swing-like movements and whole-body movements were observed in almost all treated embryos. Our data clearly link between exposure of SSWSS and substantial decrease in EM. It is unclear whether nicotine and/or other ingredients present in sidestream smoke are responsible for these alterations in EM. This article provides an outline of the relevance of SSWSS on EM for evolutionary developmental biology and this assay can be used to investigate the complex mixtures with regard to their effects on EM.
胚胎运动（EM）被认为是生命的第一个迹象，孕期吸烟与影响胚胎运动有关。接触由阴燃香烟释放产生的侧流烟，可能导致不良妊娠结局，并增加严重围产期发病率和死亡率的风险。在本研究中，使用鸡胚生物测定法系统评估短期接触侧流全烟溶液（SSWSS）对胚胎运动的影响，通过摄像机实时记录60分钟，每3分钟间隔对每次胚胎运动进行计数。在记录时间的15至18分钟时，向胚胎施用不同类型的SSWSS会导致所有类型的胚胎运动发生显著变化。在几乎所有处理过的胚胎中都观察到摆动样运动和全身运动的大幅减少（P<0.001），并且有时完全停止。我们的数据清楚地表明SSWSS暴露与胚胎运动的大幅减少之间存在关联。尚不清楚侧流烟中存在的尼古丁和/或其他成分是否是这些胚胎运动改变的原因。本文概述了SSWSS对胚胎运动在进化发育生物学方面的相关性，并且该测定法可用于研究复杂混合物对胚胎运动的影响。
