Schick Suzaynn, Glantz Stanton
Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2005 Aug;7(4):591-612. doi: 10.1080/14622200500185082.
The 1972 U.S. surgeon general's report The Health Consequences of Smoking was the first to include a warning about exposure to second-hand smoke. Because the tobacco industry has a record of withholding the results of their research from the public, we searched the internal tobacco industry documents and compared internal industry research on second-hand smoke to what the industry published in the open scientific literature through 1972. We found chemical analyses, sensory evaluations, and discussions of sidestream cigarette smoke (the smoke emitted by the cigarette between puffs, the main component of second-hand smoke), beginning in 1929. American Tobacco Company research in the 1930s indicated that, compared with mainstream smoke, sidestream smoke was produced in larger quantities and contained, per cigarette, 2 times more nicotine and 12 times more ammonia. Research funded by the Tobacco Industry Research Committee in the 1950s revealed that sidestream smoke contained, per unit cigarette, higher concentrations of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, per unit mass, including four times more 3,4 benzopyrene. In 1956 and 1957, respectively, Philip Morris and R. J. Reynolds also began to research sidestream smoke. In 1961, Philip Morris began to do sensory evaluation and modification of sidestream odor during product development. This sensory evaluation of sidestream smoke was the first biological testing of sidestream smoke by a tobacco company. Prior to the release of the 1972 U.S. surgeon general's report, the tobacco industry published the majority of its findings in the open scientific literature and does not appear to have perceived second-hand smoke as a threat to human health.
1972年美国卫生局局长的报告《吸烟对健康的影响》首次包含了关于接触二手烟的警告。由于烟草行业有向公众隐瞒其研究结果的记录，我们查阅了烟草行业内部文件，并将行业内部关于二手烟的研究与该行业截至1972年在公开科学文献中发表的内容进行了比较。我们发现，从1929年开始就有对侧流香烟烟雾（两次抽吸之间从香烟中冒出的烟雾，二手烟的主要成分）的化学分析、感官评估和讨论。美国烟草公司在20世纪30年代的研究表明，与主流烟雾相比，侧流烟雾的产生量更大，每支香烟中的尼古丁含量多两倍，氨含量多12倍。20世纪50年代由烟草工业研究委员会资助的研究表明，每单位香烟中，侧流烟雾中致癌多环芳烃的浓度更高，包括3,4-苯并芘的含量多四倍。菲利普·莫里斯公司和雷诺兹烟草公司也分别在1956年和1957年开始研究侧流烟雾。1961年，菲利普·莫里斯公司在产品开发过程中开始对侧流烟雾进行感官评估并改进其气味。这种对侧流烟雾的感官评估是烟草公司对侧流烟雾进行的首次生物学测试。在1972年美国卫生局局长报告发布之前，烟草行业在公开科学文献中发表了其大部分研究结果，而且似乎并未将二手烟视为对人类健康的威胁。
