Van Nevel Christian J, Decuypere Jaak A, Dierick Noel A, Molly Koen
Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, Melle, Belgium.
Arch Anim Nutr. 2005 Apr;59(2):123-38. doi: 10.1080/17450390512331387936.
In search of substances replacing antibiotics as growth promoters for farm animals, non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) or non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) have been proposed as possible alternatives. In this context, the influence of galactomannans on bacteriological and morphological aspects of the gastrointestinal tract in weanling pigs was investigated. Four groups of five newly weaned piglets received one of the following diets: control feed (C), C supplemented with guar gum (1%), C supplemented with locust bean gum (1%) and C supplemented with 10% of carob tree seeds meal as source of locust bean gum. The animals were euthanized after 11-12 days and digesta were sampled in stomach, jejunum (proximal and distal) and caecum, while mucosal scrapings and ring shaped tissue samples were taken of proximal and distal jejunum. On these samples bacteriological, biochemical and morphological determinations were carried out. Total count of bacteria in digesta and mucosal scrapings was not influenced by the different diets, with the exception of the proximal jejunum where a small decrease (0.5 log10 CFU) was noted with the guar gum and carob tree seeds diet. The number of E. coli increased by feeding both gums and carob tree seeds. With the latter diet, higher counts of streptococci were observed. In agreement with the lower concentration of lactic acid in jejunal contents, guar gum decreased the number of lactobacilli. Locust bean gum decreased the molar proportion of acetate in caecal contents while butyrate and valerate were augmented. Feeding the carob tree seeds resulted in shorter villi and a lower villus height/crypt depth ratio in the jejunum mucosa, which was an indication for a faster renewal rate of the epithelium. Both locust bean gum feeds significantly lowered the mitotic index in the crypts of the small intestine. Only with the carob tree seeds diet, viscosity of jejunal contents was increased. In conclusion, the effects of the addition of 1% of pure guar gum or locust bean gum were inconsistent and not very outspoken, whereas 10% of carob tree seeds meal in the diet resulted in influences on intestinal characteristics at the bacteriological and morphological level.
为寻找可替代抗生素作为家畜生长促进剂的物质，不可消化的低聚糖（NDO）或非淀粉多糖（NSP）被提议作为可能的替代品。在此背景下，研究了半乳甘露聚糖对断奶仔猪胃肠道细菌学和形态学方面的影响。四组，每组五只新断奶仔猪，分别接受以下日粮之一：对照饲料（C）、添加瓜尔胶（1%）的C、添加刺槐豆胶（1%）的C以及添加10%角豆树籽粕（作为刺槐豆胶来源）的C。11 - 12天后对动物实施安乐死，并在胃、空肠（近端和远端）和盲肠采集食糜样本，同时在近端和远端空肠采集黏膜刮片和环形组织样本。对这些样本进行细菌学、生化和形态学测定。除近端空肠外，不同日粮对食糜和黏膜刮片中细菌总数无影响，在近端空肠，瓜尔胶和角豆树籽日粮组细菌总数略有下降（0.5 log10 CFU）。喂食两种胶和角豆树籽均使大肠杆菌数量增加。喂食角豆树籽日粮时，观察到链球菌数量更高。与空肠内容物中乳酸浓度较低一致，瓜尔胶降低了乳酸杆菌数量。刺槐豆胶降低了盲肠内容物中乙酸的摩尔比例，而丁酸和戊酸增加。喂食角豆树籽导致空肠黏膜绒毛变短，绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值降低，这表明上皮细胞更新速度加快。两种刺槐豆胶日粮均显著降低小肠隐窝的有丝分裂指数。仅角豆树籽日粮使空肠内容物黏度增加。总之，添加1%纯瓜尔胶或刺槐豆胶的效果不一致且不太明显，而日粮中添加10%角豆树籽粕会对肠道细菌学和形态学特征产生影响。
