Huang Chi-Tai, Charman Tony
Department of Human Development, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2005 Nov;92(3):276-302. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2005.06.003. Epub 2005 Aug 2.
This study explored different gradations of emulation in the imitation of actions on objects by 17-month-olds. Experiment 1 established levels of behavioral reproduction following prerecorded video demonstrations similar to those levels following live demonstrations. In Experiment 2, two digitally modified videos, where object movements or body movements critical to producing the target action were highlighted in isolation, were developed. Infants produced the target action equally frequently by observing the object movement video and observing the unmodified video. In contrast, their performance was much less successful based on the body movement video. In Experiment 3, the performance obtained following the object movement video was similar to that following a further video that emphasized the object movements produced in unsuccessful attempts to produce the target action. These findings suggest that emulation in the form of object movement reenactment or affordance learning plays a role in the social learning of actions on objects during infancy.
本研究探讨了17个月大婴儿在模仿对物体的动作时不同程度的模仿行为。实验1确定了在观看预先录制的视频演示后行为再现的水平，这与观看现场演示后的水平相似。在实验2中，制作了两个经过数字修改的视频，其中单独突出显示了对产生目标动作至关重要的物体动作或身体动作。婴儿通过观察物体动作视频和未修改的视频，同样频繁地做出目标动作。相比之下，基于身体动作视频，他们的表现要差得多。在实验3中，观看物体动作视频后获得的表现与观看另一个强调在未能产生目标动作的尝试中所产生的物体动作的视频后的表现相似。这些发现表明，以物体动作重演或可供性学习形式出现的模仿在婴儿期对物体动作的社会学习中发挥着作用。
