Andersson K G, Roed J
Risø National Laboratory, Nuclear Safety Department, P.O. Box 49, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
J Environ Radioact. 2006;85(2-3):228-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.08.019. Epub 2005 Aug 2.
In nuclear preparedness, an essential requirement is the ability to adequately predict the likely consequences of a major accident situation. In this context it is very important to evaluate which contributions to dose are important, and which are not likely to have significance. As an example of this type of evaluation, a case study has been conducted to estimate the doses received over the first 17 years after the Chernobyl accident in a dry-contaminated residential area in the Bryansk region in Russia. Methodologies for estimation of doses received through nine different pathways, including contamination of streets, roofs, exterior walls, and landscape, are established, and best estimates are given for each of the dose contributions. Generally, contaminated soil areas were estimated to have given the highest dose contribution, but a number of other contributions to dose, e.g., from contaminated roofs and inhalation of contaminants during the passage of the contaminated plume, were of the same order of magnitude.
在核应急准备方面，一项基本要求是有能力充分预测重大事故情况可能产生的后果。在此背景下，评估哪些剂量贡献是重要的，哪些不太可能具有重要意义非常重要。作为这类评估的一个例子，开展了一项案例研究，以估算俄罗斯布良斯克地区一个受干沉降污染的居民区在切尔诺贝利事故后的头17年里所接受的剂量。建立了通过九条不同途径（包括街道、屋顶、外墙和景观的污染）估算所接受剂量的方法，并给出了每种剂量贡献的最佳估计值。一般来说，受污染的土壤区域估计贡献的剂量最高，但其他一些剂量贡献，例如来自受污染屋顶的剂量以及在受污染羽流经过期间吸入污染物的剂量，也处于相同的数量级。
