Postma A, Kolk H
Nijmegen Institute for Cognition Research and Information Technology, The Netherlands.
J Speech Hear Res. 1992 Jun;35(3):537-44. doi: 10.1044/jshr.3503.537.
The covert repair hypothesis views disfluencies as by-products of covert self-repairs applied to internal speech errors. To test this hypothesis we examined effects of noise masking and accuracy emphasis on speech error, disfluency, and self-repair rates. Noise reduced the numbers of disfluencies and self-repairs but did not affect speech error rates significantly. With accuracy emphasis, speech error rates decreased considerably, but disfluency and self-repair rates did not. With respect to these findings, it is argued that subjects monitor errors with less scrutiny under noise and when accuracy of speaking is unimportant. Consequently, covert and overt repair tendencies drop, a fact that is reflected by changes in disfluency and self-repair rates relative to speech error rates. Self-repair occurrence may be additionally reduced under noise because the information available for error detection--that is, the auditory signal--has also decreased. A qualitative analysis of self-repair patterns revealed that phonemic errors were usually repaired immediately after their intrusion.
隐蔽修复假说认为言语不流畅是应用于内部言语错误的隐蔽自我修复的副产品。为了验证这一假说，我们研究了噪声掩蔽和准确性强调对言语错误、言语不流畅及自我修复率的影响。噪声减少了言语不流畅和自我修复的次数，但对言语错误率没有显著影响。在强调准确性时，言语错误率大幅下降，但言语不流畅和自我修复率没有下降。关于这些发现，有人认为，在噪声环境下以及当说话准确性不重要时，受试者对错误的监测会减少。因此，隐蔽和公开的修复倾向会下降，这一事实通过言语不流畅和自我修复率相对于言语错误率的变化得以体现。在噪声环境下，自我修复的发生率可能会进一步降低，因为可用于错误检测的信息（即听觉信号）也减少了。对自我修复模式的定性分析表明，音素错误通常在出现后立即得到修复。
