LaSalle L R, Conture E G
Department of Communication Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire 54702-4004, USA.
J Speech Hear Res. 1995 Oct;38(5):965-77. doi: 10.1044/jshr.3805.965.
The purpose of this study was to account for the frequency, type, and possible origins of speech disfluency clusters in the spontaneous speech of 3- to 6-year-old children, 30 who stutter and 30 who do not stutter. On the basis of the Covert Repair Hypothesis (Postma & Kolk, 1993), which suggests that stutterings are the by-products of self-repairs or self-corrections of speech errors, three hypotheses were tested in attempts to account for the frequency and location of stutterings within speech disfluency clusters. Sequences of various types of speech disfluencies in utterances containing disfluency clusters were collected from audio/videotaped conversations between each of these 60 children and their mothers. Three types of speech disfluencies--overt self-repairs, covert self-repairs, and within-word disfluencies ("stutterings")--and the disfluency clusters they comprised, were identified and analyzed frame-by-frame. Results indicated that children who stutter produced significantly more stuttering-stuttering clusters (e.g., "I-I-I w-w-want ..." or "w-w-waaaant") and that, although children who do not stutter occasionally produced stutterings, they never produced stuttering-stuttering clusters. Furthermore, children who stutter produced significantly more stuttering-repair clusters, whereas children who do not stutter produced significantly more repair-repair clusters. Within the disfluency clusters of children who do not stutter, stutterings were more likely to follow an overt self-repair produced at a relatively fast speaking rate (6.6 sylls/sec). Findings are taken to suggest that stuttering-stuttering clusters may help differentiate between children who do and do not stutter, and that speech errors, self-repairs, and speech disfluencies influence one another within and between adjacent sounds, syllables, and words in what appears to be a nonhappenstance and theoretically important fashion.
本研究旨在探究3至6岁儿童（30名口吃儿童和30名非口吃儿童）自发言语中言语不流畅群集的频率、类型及可能来源。基于隐蔽修复假说（Postma和Kolk，1993），该假说认为口吃是言语错误自我修复或自我纠正的副产品，我们检验了三个假说，试图解释言语不流畅群集中口吃的频率和位置。从这60名儿童与其母亲的音频/视频对话中收集了包含不流畅群集的话语中各种类型言语不流畅的序列。识别并逐帧分析了三种言语不流畅类型——公开自我修复、隐蔽自我修复和词内不流畅（“口吃”）——以及它们所构成的不流畅群集。结果表明，口吃儿童产生的口吃-口吃群集（如“I-I-I w-w-want...”或“w-w-waaaant”）明显更多，而且，虽然非口吃儿童偶尔会出现口吃，但他们从未产生过口吃-口吃群集。此外，口吃儿童产生的口吃-修复群集明显更多，而非口吃儿童产生的修复-修复群集明显更多。在非口吃儿童的不流畅群集中，口吃更有可能出现在以相对较快语速（6.6音节/秒）进行的公开自我修复之后。研究结果表明，口吃-口吃群集可能有助于区分口吃儿童和非口吃儿童，而且言语错误、自我修复和言语不流畅在相邻的音、音节和单词内部及之间以一种看似并非偶然且具有理论重要性的方式相互影响。
