Escobar Martha, Arcediano Francisco, Miller Ralph R
Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2003 Sep;29(5):1028-40. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.29.5.1028.
Latent inhibition refers to attenuated responding to Cue X observed when the X-outcome pairings are preceded by X-alone presentations. It has proven difficult to obtain in human adults unless the preexposure (X-alone) presentations are embedded within a masking (i.e., distracting) task. The authors hypothesized that the difficulty in obtaining latent inhibition with unmasked tasks is related to the usual training procedures, in which the preexposure and conditioning experiences are separated by a set of instructions. Experiment 1 reports latent inhibition without masking in a task in which preexposure and conditioning occur without interruption. Experiments 2 and 3 demonstrate that this attenuation in responding to target Cue X does not pass a summation test for conditioned inhibition and is context specific, thereby confirming that it is latent inhibition. Experiments 3 and 4 confirm that introducing instructions between preexposure and conditioning disrupts latent inhibition.
潜伏抑制是指当线索X与结果的配对之前先单独呈现X时，对线索X的反应减弱。事实证明，在人类成年人中很难获得这种现象，除非预暴露（单独呈现X）过程被嵌入到一个掩蔽（即分散注意力）任务中。作者推测，在无掩蔽任务中难以获得潜伏抑制与通常的训练程序有关，在这种程序中，预暴露和条件作用体验被一组指令隔开。实验1报告了在一个预暴露和条件作用不间断进行的任务中无掩蔽的潜伏抑制现象。实验2和3表明，对目标线索X反应的这种减弱不能通过条件抑制的总和测试，并且是情境特定的，从而证实这就是潜伏抑制。实验3和4证实，在预暴露和条件作用之间引入指令会破坏潜伏抑制。
