农药和重金属在营养链中的分布。
Distribution of pesticides and heavy metals in trophic chain.
作者信息
Baranowska Irena, Barchańska Hanna, Pyrsz Anna
机构信息
Department of Analytical and General Chemistry, Silesian Technical University, ul. ks. M. Strzody 7, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
出版信息
Chemosphere. 2005 Sep;60(11):1590-9. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.02.053. Epub 2005 Apr 13.
Determination of triazines herbicides (atrazine and simazine) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in samples of trophic chain were worked out. Determination limits of 0.5 microg g(-1) for atrazine, 0.8 microg g(-1) for simazine with pesticides recovery of 70-77% in trophic chain samples were obtained. The content of simazine in soils was in range 1.72-57.89 microg g(-1), in grass 5-88 microg g(-1), in milk 2.32-15.29 microg g(-1), in cereals 10.98-387 microg g(-1), in eggs 30.14-59.48 microg g(-1), for fruits: 2.45-6.19 microg g(-1). The content of atrazine in soils was in range 0.69-19.59 microg g(-1), in grass 7.85-23.85 microg g(-1), in cereals 1.88-43.08 microg g(-1). Cadmium, lead and zinc were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) in the same samples as atrazine and simazine. Determination limits for cadmium 5 x 10(-3) microg g(-1), for lead 1 x 10(-2) microg g(-1), and for zinc 0.2 x 10(-3) microg g(-1), were obtained. The content of cadmium in soil was in range 0.13-5.89 microg g(-1), in grass 114-627.72 x 10(-3) microg g(-1), in milk 8.88-61.88 x 10(-3) microg g(-1), in cereals 0.20-0.31 microg g(-1), in eggs 0.11-0.15 microg g(-1), in fruits 0.23-0.59 microg g(-1). The content of lead in soils was in range 0.57-151.50 microg g(-1), in grass 0.16-136.57 microg g(-1), in milk 1.16-3.74 microg g(-1), in cereals 1.05-5.47 microg g(-1), in eggs 5.79-55.87 microg g(-1), in fruits 21.00-87.36 microg g(-1). Zinc content in soil was in range 9.15-424.5 microg g(-1), in grass 35.20-55.87 microg g(-1), in milk 20.00-34.38 microg g(-1), in cereals 14.94-28.78 microg g(-1), in eggs 15.67-32.01 microg g(-1), in fruits 14.94-18.88 microg g(-1). Described below extraction and mineralization methods for particular trophic chains allowed to determine of atrazine, simazine, cadmium, lead and zinc with good repeatability and precision. Emphasis was focused on liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction of atrazine and simazine from analysed materials, as well as, on monitoring the content of herbicides and metals in soil and along trophic chain. Higher concentration of pesticides in samples from west region of Poland in comparison to that of east region is likely related to common applying them in Western Europe in relation to East Europe. The content of metals strongly depends on samples origin (industry area, vicinity of motorways).
开展了通过高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定营养链样品中三嗪类除草剂（阿特拉津和西玛津）的研究。获得了阿特拉津的测定限为0.5 μg g⁻¹，西玛津的测定限为0.8 μg g⁻¹，营养链样品中农药回收率为70 - 77%。土壤中西玛津的含量范围为1.72 - 57.89 μg g⁻¹，草中为5 - 88 μg g⁻¹，牛奶中为2.32 - 15.29 μg g⁻¹，谷物中为10.98 - 387 μg g⁻¹，鸡蛋中为30.14 - 59.48 μg g⁻¹，水果中为2.45 - 6.19 μg g⁻¹。土壤中阿特拉津的含量范围为0.69 - 19.59 μg g⁻¹，草中为7.85 - 23.85 μg g⁻¹，谷物中为1.88 - 43.08 μg g⁻¹。在与阿特拉津和西玛津相同的样品中，通过电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP - AES）测定镉、铅和锌。获得了镉的测定限为5×10⁻³ μg g⁻¹，铅为1×10⁻² μg g⁻¹，锌为0.2×10⁻³ μg g⁻¹。土壤中镉的含量范围为0.13 - 5.89 μg g⁻¹，草中为114 - 627.72×10⁻³ μg g⁻¹，牛奶中为8.88 - 61.88×10⁻³ μg g⁻¹，谷物中为0.20 - 0.31 μg g⁻¹，鸡蛋中为0.11 - 0.15 μg g⁻¹，水果中为0.23 - 0.59 μg g⁻¹。土壤中铅的含量范围为0.57 - 151.50 μg g⁻¹，草中为0.16 - 136.57 μg g⁻¹，牛奶中为1.16 - 3.74 μg g⁻¹，谷物中为1.05 - 5.47 μg g⁻¹，鸡蛋中为5.79 - 55.87 μg g⁻¹，水果中为21.00 - 87.36 μg g⁻¹。土壤中锌的含量范围为9.15 - 424.5 μg g⁻¹，草中为35.20 - 55.87 μg g⁻¹，牛奶中为20.00 - 34.38 μg g⁻¹，谷物中为14.94 - 28.78 μg g⁻¹，鸡蛋中为15.67 - 32.01 μg g⁻¹，水果中为14.94 - 18.88 μg g⁻¹。如下所述的针对特定营养链的萃取和矿化方法能够以良好的重复性和精密度测定阿特拉津、西玛津、镉、铅和锌。重点集中在从分析材料中液 - 液萃取和固相萃取阿特拉津和西玛津，以及监测土壤和营养链中除草剂和金属的含量。与波兰东部地区相比，波兰西部地区样品中农药浓度较高，这可能与西欧相对于东欧更普遍使用它们有关。金属含量很大程度上取决于样品来源（工业区、高速公路附近）。
Zotero 插件