Wolfson Sandy, Wakelin Delia, Lewis Matthew
Division of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
J Sports Sci. 2005 Apr;23(4):365-74. doi: 10.1080/02640410400021567.
Football fans' views on their role in the home advantage were obtained by placing links to an internet questionnaire on supporters' websites. Altogether, 461 fans from clubs which had been promoted, relegated or unchanged in the past season of the English football leagues rated crowd support as significantly more influential than familiarity, travel, territoriality and referee bias in contributing to the home advantage. Fans felt responsible for inspiring their team to victory, took credit for distracting opponents, and believed that they could influence officials into making decisions in their team's favour. However, they did not accept personal blame for poor results. No effects for gender, age or the team's outcome in the promotion/relegation battle emerged, though season ticket holders were more extreme in their feelings of responsibility overall. Furthermore, it was suggested that mechanisms such as the perception of being superior to rivals can encourage fans to retain their allegiance to their teams, even when outcomes are disappointing. Indeed, affiliation may become so incorporated into self-identity that supporters may not have the option of abandoning their team, but instead perceive a reciprocal relationship in which both they and the team are expected to do their best to achieve success.
通过在球迷网站上放置互联网调查问卷的链接，获取了球迷对他们在主场优势中所扮演角色的看法。在过去一个赛季的英格兰足球联赛中，来自升级、降级或无升降级变动俱乐部的461名球迷认为，在促成主场优势方面，球迷支持比熟悉度、旅途、地域因素和裁判偏袒的影响要大得多。球迷觉得自己有责任激励球队获胜，认为自己能够干扰对手，还相信自己能促使裁判做出有利于自己球队的判罚。然而，他们并不为糟糕的比赛结果承担个人责任。在性别、年龄或球队在升级/降级大战中的成绩方面，未发现有影响，不过，季票持有者总体上在责任感方面表现得更为极端。此外，研究表明，诸如觉得比对手优越这样的心理机制，能够鼓励球迷对自己的球队保持忠诚，即便比赛结果令人失望。事实上，归属感可能已深深融入自我认同之中，以至于球迷可能没有抛弃自己球队的选择，而是认为他们与球队之间存在一种相互关系，双方都应尽最大努力去取得成功。
