Hertling Ines, Ramskogler Katrin, Dvorak Alexander, Klingler Anton, Saletu-Zyhlarz Gerda, Schoberberger Rudolf, Walter Henriette, Kunze Michael, Lesch Otto Michael
Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
Eur Psychiatry. 2005 Aug;20(5-6):442-50. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.06.003.
In this cross-sectional study we compared alcohol-dependent smokers and non-alcohol-dependent smokers with respect to intensity of nicotine dependence, craving conditions, sleep disturbances, comorbidity with major depression, reasons for smoking, accompanying somatic diseases and patients' prolonged abstinence from smoking during the 3 years preceding the study.
Fifty-one alcohol-dependent smokers and 327 non-alcohol-dependent smokers diagnosed as ICD-10 and DSM-IV-nicotine dependent, were investigated by means of the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, the Lübeck Craving-Recurrence Risk Questionnaire and the Lesch Alcohol Dependence Typology (both adapted to smoking).
The intensity of nicotine dependence was more enhanced in alcohol-dependent smokers compared to non-alcohol-dependent smokers. Several variables of all factors of craving ("depressive mood", "stimulation", "relaxation", "socially triggered tension") were significantly increased in alcohol-dependent patients (P<0.05). Alcohol-dependent smokers showed depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances, whilst non-alcohol-dependent individuals mainly smoked for stress release and weight control.
Our study demonstrates that the intensity of nicotine dependence, several conditions of craving for nicotine, sleep disturbances and symptoms of depression appear to be enhanced in alcohol-dependent smokers compared with non-alcohol-dependent smokers. Conclusions. - It is hoped that the factors of craving and reasons for smoking identified in this study will contribute to a better understanding of smoking temptation in alcohol-dependent smokers and non-alcohol-dependent smokers in future.
在这项横断面研究中，我们比较了酒精依赖吸烟者和非酒精依赖吸烟者在尼古丁依赖强度、渴望状况、睡眠障碍、与重度抑郁症的共病情况、吸烟原因、伴随的躯体疾病以及研究前3年患者长期戒烟情况等方面的差异。
51名诊断为ICD - 10和DSM - IV尼古丁依赖的酒精依赖吸烟者和327名非酒精依赖吸烟者，通过尼古丁依赖的法格斯特伦测试、吕贝克渴望复发风险问卷和莱施酒精依赖类型学（均适用于吸烟）进行调查。
与非酒精依赖吸烟者相比，酒精依赖吸烟者的尼古丁依赖强度更高。酒精依赖患者在渴望的所有因素（“抑郁情绪”、“刺激”、“放松”、“社交引发的紧张”）的几个变量上显著增加（P<0.05）。酒精依赖吸烟者表现出抑郁症状和睡眠障碍，而非酒精依赖个体主要为了释放压力和控制体重而吸烟。
我们的研究表明，与非酒精依赖吸烟者相比，酒精依赖吸烟者的尼古丁依赖强度、对尼古丁的几种渴望状况、睡眠障碍和抑郁症状似乎有所增强。结论。——希望本研究中确定的渴望因素和吸烟原因将有助于未来更好地理解酒精依赖吸烟者和非酒精依赖吸烟者的吸烟诱惑。
