Quinlivan Mark, Breuer Judith
Skin Virus Laboratory, Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel, London, E1 28E, UK.
Expert Rev Mol Med. 2005 Aug 10;7(15):1-24. doi: 10.1017/S146239940500966X.
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a highly species-specific member of the Herpesviridae family. The virus exhibits multiple cell tropisms, infecting peripheral blood mononuclear cells and skin cells before establishing latency in sensory neurons. Such tropisms are essential both for primary infection, which manifests itself as chickenpox (varicella), and subsequent reactivation to cause herpes zoster (shingles). The highly cell-associated nature of the virus, coupled with its narrow host range, has resulted in the lack of an animal model that mimics its diseases in humans, thereby greatly hindering the study of events in VZV pathogenesis. Despite this, extensive studies both in vitro and in vivo in small-animal models have provided a fascinating insight into molecular events that govern VZV diseases. In addition, VZV has become the first human herpes virus for which a live attenuated vaccine has been developed.
水痘带状疱疹病毒（VZV）是疱疹病毒科中高度具有物种特异性的成员。该病毒具有多种细胞嗜性，在感觉神经元中建立潜伏状态之前会感染外周血单核细胞和皮肤细胞。这种嗜性对于表现为水痘（水痘）的原发性感染以及随后重新激活导致带状疱疹（带状疱疹）都至关重要。该病毒高度与细胞相关的性质，再加上其狭窄的宿主范围，导致缺乏能够模拟其在人类中疾病的动物模型，从而极大地阻碍了对VZV发病机制中事件的研究。尽管如此，在小动物模型中进行的广泛体外和体内研究为控制VZV疾病的分子事件提供了引人入胜的见解。此外，VZV已成为第一种开发出减毒活疫苗的人类疱疹病毒。
