Johnsen Sönke, Lohmann Kenneth J
Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2005 Sep;6(9):703-12. doi: 10.1038/nrn1745.
Diverse animals can detect magnetic fields but little is known about how they do so. Three main hypotheses of magnetic field perception have been proposed. Electrosensitive marine fish might detect the Earth's field through electromagnetic induction, but direct evidence that induction underlies magnetoreception in such fish has not been obtained. Studies in other animals have provided evidence that is consistent with two other mechanisms: biogenic magnetite and chemical reactions that are modulated by weak magnetic fields. Despite recent advances, however, magnetoreceptors have not been identified with certainty in any animal, and the mode of transduction for the magnetic sense remains unknown.
多种动物能够探测磁场，但对于它们如何做到这一点却知之甚少。关于磁场感知，已提出了三种主要假说。对电敏感的海洋鱼类可能通过电磁感应来探测地球磁场，但尚未获得此类鱼类中感应是磁感受基础的直接证据。对其他动物的研究提供了与另外两种机制相符的证据：生物源磁铁矿以及由弱磁场调制的化学反应。然而，尽管有了最新进展，但尚未在任何动物中确切识别出磁感受器，磁感觉的转导模式仍然未知。
