Alonso Antonio, Martin Pablo, Albarrán Cristina, Garcia Pilar, Fernandez de Simon Lourdes, Jesús Iturralde Maria, Fernández-Rodriguez Amparo, Atienza Inmaculada, Capilla Javier, García-Hirschfeld Julia, Martinez Pilar, Vallejo Gloria, García Oscar, García Emilio, Real Pilar, Alvarez David, León Antonio, Sancho Manuel
National Institute of Toxicology and Forensic Science, Biology Service, Luis Cabrera 9, 28002 Madrid, Spain.
Croat Med J. 2005 Aug;46(4):540-8.
In cases of mass disaster, there is often a need for managing, analyzing, and comparing large numbers of biological samples and DNA profiles. This requires the use of laboratory information management systems for large-scale sample logging and tracking, coupled with bioinformatic tools for DNA database searching according to different matching algorithms, and for the evaluation of the significance of each match by likelihood ratio calculations. There are many different interrelated factors and circumstances involved in each specific mass disaster scenario that may challenge the final DNA identification goal, such as: the number of victims, the mechanisms of body destruction, the extent of body fragmentation, the rate of DNA degradation, the body accessibility for sample collection, or the type of DNA reference samples availability. In this paper, we examine the different steps of the DNA identification analysis (DNA sampling, DNA analysis and technology, DNA database searching, and concordance and kinship analysis) reviewing the "lessons learned" and the scientific progress made in some mass disaster cases described in the scientific literature. We will put special emphasis on the valuable scientific feedback that genetic forensic community has received from the collaborative efforts of several public and private USA forensic laboratories in assisting with the more critical areas of the World Trade Center (WTC) mass fatality of September 11, 2001. The main challenges in identifying the victims of the recent South Asian Tsunami disaster, which has produced the steepest death count rise in history, will also be considered. We also present data from two recent mass fatality cases that involved Spanish victims: the Madrid terrorist attack of March 11, 2004, and the Yakolev-42 aircraft accident in Trabzon, Turkey, of May 26, 2003.
在大规模灾难事件中，常常需要对大量生物样本和DNA图谱进行管理、分析和比较。这就需要使用实验室信息管理系统进行大规模样本记录和追踪，同时结合生物信息学工具，依据不同的匹配算法在DNA数据库中进行搜索，并通过似然比计算评估每个匹配结果的显著性。在每一个具体的大规模灾难场景中，都存在许多相互关联的不同因素和情况，可能会对最终的DNA鉴定目标构成挑战，例如：受害者数量、尸体毁坏机制、尸体破碎程度、DNA降解速率、获取样本的尸体可及性，或者DNA参考样本的可用类型。在本文中，我们审视了DNA鉴定分析的不同步骤（DNA采样、DNA分析与技术、DNA数据库搜索以及一致性和亲属关系分析），回顾了科学文献中描述的一些大规模灾难案例所吸取的“经验教训”和取得的科学进展。我们将特别强调遗传法医界从美国几个公共和私人法医实验室的合作努力中获得的宝贵科学反馈，这些努力协助处理了2001年9月11日世界贸易中心（WTC）大规模死亡事件中更关键的领域。近期造成历史上死亡人数急剧上升的南亚海啸灾难中受害者身份鉴定的主要挑战也将被考虑在内。我们还展示了来自两起涉及西班牙受害者的近期大规模死亡案例的数据：2004年3月11日的马德里恐怖袭击事件，以及2003年5月26日发生在土耳其特拉布宗的雅克列夫 - 42飞机事故。
