McIntyre James
Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
BJOG. 2005 Sep;112(9):1196-203. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2005.00716.x.
Mother-to-child transmission of HIV continues to be a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality in resource-poor settings. Intrapartum and postpartum nevirapine-based regimens have been introduced in many settings. New research has shown that better efficacy can be achieved with the addition of single-dose nevirapine to short course zidovudine regimens, and that selection of nevirapine-resistant virus can be reduced with a short postpartum combination antiretroviral cover. Women who need antiretroviral therapy for their own health should receive it in pregnancy, and access for pregnant women needs to be expanded urgently. The reduction of transmission through breastfeeding remains a challenge.
在资源匮乏地区，母婴传播艾滋病毒仍然是婴儿发病和死亡的主要原因。许多地区已采用基于奈韦拉平的产时和产后治疗方案。新研究表明，在短期齐多夫定治疗方案中添加单剂量奈韦拉平可提高疗效，且产后短期联合抗逆转录病毒治疗可减少奈韦拉平耐药病毒的产生。因自身健康需要接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的妇女在孕期应接受治疗，孕妇的治疗机会亟待扩大。减少通过母乳喂养传播艾滋病毒仍是一项挑战。
