Cheyne J A
Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
J Sleep Res. 2005 Sep;14(3):319-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2005.00477.x.
Sleep paralysis (SP) episodes are often accompanied by vivid hallucinoid experiences that have been found to fall into three major categories thought to be organized according to intrinsic rapid eye movement (REM) processes. Prior research has, however, combined data for individuals with varying degrees of experience with SP episodes, rendering interpretations of the source of this structure ambiguous. The present study of 5799 current SP experients compares the nature and structure of the hallucinations of novice SP experients with those reporting varying numbers of episodes. Both qualitative and quantitative differences were found in reported hallucinations as a function of episode frequency, although the underlying three-factor structure of the hallucinoid experiences was highly similar for all groups. Novice experients' reports were, however, characterized by clearer differentiation of factors, likely because of a tendency of experienced SP experients to conflate experiences across episodes. Age and age of onset of SP episodes were associated with differences in the variety and types of hallucinations but not their underlying structure. Earlier onset of SP episodes was also associated with more frequent episodes. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the basic form and patterning of hallucinatory experiences is a result of intrinsic processes, independent of prior experience, likely associated with underlying REM neurophysiology.
睡眠瘫痪（SP）发作通常伴有生动的类幻觉体验，这些体验已被发现可分为三大类，据认为是根据内在的快速眼动（REM）过程组织起来的。然而，先前的研究将不同程度经历过SP发作的个体的数据合并在一起，使得对这种结构来源的解释模糊不清。本研究对5799名当前经历过SP的人进行了比较，比较了初次经历SP的人与报告不同发作次数的人所经历幻觉的性质和结构。根据发作频率，在报告的幻觉中发现了定性和定量的差异，尽管所有组的类幻觉体验的潜在三因素结构高度相似。然而，初次经历者的报告特点是各因素的区分更清晰，这可能是因为有经验的SP经历者倾向于将不同发作的体验混为一谈。SP发作的年龄和发病年龄与幻觉的种类和类型差异有关，但与幻觉的潜在结构无关。SP发作较早也与发作更频繁有关。这些结果与以下假设一致：幻觉体验的基本形式和模式是内在过程的结果，与先前的经验无关，可能与潜在的REM神经生理学有关。
