Claar Robyn Lewis, Parekh Priti I, Palmer Scott M, Lacaille Rick A, Davis R Duane, Rowe Sarah K, Babyak Michael A, Blumenthal James A
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
J Psychosom Res. 2005 Jul;59(1):1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2005.03.007.
The aims of this study are to characterize the levels of emotional distress and quality of life among caregivers of lung transplant candidates and to examine the relation of coping styles and perceived caregiver burden to caregivers' self-reported emotional distress.
A consecutive series of primary caregivers of potential lung transplant candidates completed a battery of psychosocial measures, including the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ), Scale for Caregiver Burden (SCB), and Medical Outcomes Survey, Short Form-36 (SF-36).
Only 12 of the 82 caregivers (14.6%) who volunteered for the study reported clinically significant levels of depression (BDI-II > or =14), and only 2 caregivers (2.4%) reported clinically significant levels of anxiety (STAI > or =60). Passive coping strategies were associated with higher levels of emotional distress; specifically, resignation was associated with increased depression (r=.27, P<.04), while avoidance was associated with increased anxiety (r=.29, P<.04). In addition, caregivers who reported greater perceived caregiver burden experienced higher levels of depression (r=.45, P<.001) and anxiety (r=.43, P<.01). Moreover, the social functioning of caregivers of lung transplant patients was more than one standard deviation from a normative sample of the population (Cohen's d=1.16), indicating that caregivers of transplant patients experienced greater impairment in this area.
Although most caregivers of transplant patients do not report significant impairment in functioning, assessing caregivers' coping strategies and caregiving burden may identify those caregivers who experience increased emotional distress.
本研究旨在描述肺移植候选者照顾者的情绪困扰水平和生活质量，并探讨应对方式及感知到的照顾负担与照顾者自我报告的情绪困扰之间的关系。
连续纳入一系列潜在肺移植候选者的主要照顾者，他们完成了一系列心理社会测评，包括贝克抑郁量表第二版（BDI-II）、状态-特质焦虑量表、医学应对方式问卷（MCMQ）、照顾者负担量表（SCB）以及医学结局研究简表36（SF-36）。
在自愿参与本研究的82名照顾者中，只有12名（14.6%）报告有临床显著水平的抑郁（BDI-II≥14），只有2名照顾者（2.4%）报告有临床显著水平的焦虑（STAI≥60）。消极应对策略与更高水平的情绪困扰相关；具体而言，听天由命与抑郁增加相关（r = 0.27，P < 0.04），而回避与焦虑增加相关（r = 0.29，P < 0.04）。此外，报告感知到更大照顾负担的照顾者经历了更高水平的抑郁（r = 0.45，P < 0.001）和焦虑（r = 0.43，P < 0.01）。此外，肺移植患者照顾者的社会功能与人群常模样本相差超过一个标准差（科恩d值 = 1.16），表明移植患者的照顾者在这方面经历了更大的损害。
尽管大多数移植患者的照顾者未报告有显著的功能损害，但评估照顾者的应对策略和照顾负担可能会识别出那些经历情绪困扰增加的照顾者。
