Dixit A, Govil S, Patel N V
Smt. Jyotsnadevi Patel Pediatric Centre, Medical College, Jabalpur.
Indian Pediatr. 1992 Mar;29(3):291-9.
In this cross sectional study, 2000 apparently normal children aged 0-6 years (1200 urban and 800 rural), were nutritionally and developmentally assessed and their environment scrutinized for possible risk factors. Measurement of mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) using standard techniques revealed malnutrition in 44% of the rural and 24% of the urban children especially in the 2-6 years of age group. Culture appropriate indicators of psycho-social development picked up gross delays in gross motor (GM), vision and fine motor (V&FM) and language skills. Self help, concept hearing (SHCH) skills were recorded as normal while social skills were advanced particularly in the 0-2 years old urban group. By the use of the family protocols, low socio-economic status, malnutrition and 9 other risks factors have been generated for the urban group. No risk factor could be identified for the rural group. Better income emerged as the only real protective factor for the sample showing a direct positive relationship with the 45 skills tested, especially in the 2-6 years age group. Nineteen developmental skills were identified as powerful predictors of development. A prototype home based screening record was constructed for monitoring of growth and development which can be even used by minimally trained primary care worker.
在这项横断面研究中，对2000名年龄在0至6岁的表面上正常的儿童（1200名城市儿童和800名农村儿童）进行了营养和发育评估，并对他们的环境进行了仔细检查以寻找可能的风险因素。使用标准技术测量上臂中部周长（MUAC）发现，44%的农村儿童和24%的城市儿童存在营养不良，尤其是在2至6岁年龄组。适合当地文化的心理社会发展指标显示，大运动（GM）、视力和精细运动（V&FM）以及语言技能存在明显延迟。自理、概念听力（SHCH）技能记录为正常，而社交技能则有所提高，尤其是在0至2岁的城市儿童组。通过使用家庭协议，为城市儿童组找出了社会经济地位低、营养不良和其他9个风险因素。农村儿童组未发现风险因素。较高的收入是样本中唯一真正的保护因素，与所测试的45项技能呈直接正相关，尤其是在2至6岁年龄组。19项发育技能被确定为发育的有力预测指标。构建了一个基于家庭的筛查记录原型，用于监测生长和发育，即使是训练最少的初级保健工作者也可以使用。
