Gremion G
Hôpital orthopédique de la Suisse romande, Swiss Medical Olympic Center, Rue Pierre Decker 4, 1005 Lausanne.
Rev Med Suisse. 2005 Jul 27;1(28):1830-4.
Since 1980, according to several authors, it is accepted that increasing flexibility of a muscle-tendon unit allows a better performance and decreases sports injuries. Stretching is regularly included in warm-up and in cooling-down. However, there are contradictory findings in the literature. In contrast, since 1990, there's evidence suggesting that stretching not only does not prevent injuries, but can also decrease the level of performance. Some part of these contradictions can be explained by the various sports activities. Those requesting an increased flexibility, such as gymnastic, dancing or diving, necessitate pre-exercise stretching to optimize the level of performance. In contrary, for sports with slow stretch-shortening cycle such as jogging or cycling, there is no scientific data showing a positive effect of stretching.
自1980年以来，几位作者认为，增加肌肉-肌腱单元的柔韧性有助于提高运动表现并减少运动损伤。拉伸通常被纳入热身和放松环节。然而，文献中有相互矛盾的研究结果。相比之下，自1990年以来，有证据表明拉伸不仅不能预防损伤，还可能降低运动表现水平。这些矛盾的部分原因可以由各种体育活动来解释。那些需要增加柔韧性的运动，如体操、舞蹈或跳水，需要在运动前进行拉伸以优化运动表现水平。相反，对于拉伸-缩短周期较慢的运动，如慢跑或骑自行车，没有科学数据表明拉伸有积极作用。
