Bañuelos Pineda J, Nolasco Rodríguez G, Monteon J A, García López P M, Ruiz Lopez M A, García Estrada J
Departament of Medicine Veterinary, University of Guadalajara, Mexico.
Histol Histopathol. 2005 Oct;20(4):1147-53. doi: 10.14670/HH-20.1147.
The effects of the intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of crude extracts of lupin quinolizidine alkaloids (LQAs) were studied in adult rat brain tissue. Mature L. exaltatus and L. montanus seeds were collected in western Mexico, and the LQAs from these seeds were extracted and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography. This LQA extract was administered to the right lateral ventricle of adult rats through a stainless steel cannula on five consecutive days. While control animals received 10 microl of sesame oil daily (vehicle), the experimental rats (10 per group) received 20 ng of LQA from either L. exaltatus or from L. montanus. All the animals were sacrificed 40 h after receiving the last dose of alkaloids, and their brains were removed, fixed and coronal paraffin sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Immediately after the administration of LQA the animals began grooming and suffered tachycardia, tachypnea, piloerection, tail erection, muscular contractions, loss of equilibrium, excitation, and unsteady walk. In the brains of the animals treated with LQA damaged neurons were identified. The most frequent abnormalities observed in this brain tissue were "red neurons" with shrunken eosinophilic cytoplasm, strongly stained pyknotic nuclei, neuronal swelling, spongiform neuropil, "ghost cells" (hypochromasia), and abundant neuronophagic figures in numerous brain areas. While some alterations in neurons were observed in control tissues, unlike those found in the animals treated with LQA these were not significant. Thus, the histopathological changes observed can be principally attributed to the administration of sparteine and lupanine present in the alkaloid extracts.
研究了成年大鼠脑组织中脑室注射羽扇豆喹诺里西啶生物碱（LQAs）粗提物的效果。在墨西哥西部采集了成熟的高羽扇豆和山地羽扇豆种子，从这些种子中提取LQAs并通过毛细管气相色谱法进行分析。将这种LQA提取物通过不锈钢套管连续五天注入成年大鼠的右侧脑室。对照组动物每天接受10微升芝麻油（赋形剂），而实验组大鼠（每组10只）分别接受来自高羽扇豆或山地羽扇豆的20纳克LQA。在接受最后一剂生物碱40小时后处死所有动物，取出它们的大脑，固定后，冠状石蜡切片用苏木精和伊红染色。注射LQA后，动物立即开始梳理毛发，并出现心动过速、呼吸急促、竖毛、尾巴竖起、肌肉收缩、平衡失调、兴奋和行走不稳等症状。在接受LQA处理的动物大脑中发现了受损神经元。在该脑组织中观察到的最常见异常是“红色神经元”，其嗜酸性细胞质萎缩、固缩核染色强烈、神经元肿胀、海绵状神经纤维网、“幽灵细胞”（色素减退），并且在许多脑区有大量噬神经细胞现象。虽然在对照组织中也观察到了一些神经元变化，但与接受LQA处理的动物不同，这些变化并不显著。因此，观察到的组织病理学变化主要可归因于生物碱提取物中存在的鹰爪豆碱和羽扇豆碱的给药。
