Waters R Parrish, Emerson Aaron J, Watt Michael J, Forster Gina L, Swallow John G, Summers Cliff H
Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069-2390, USA.
Brain Res Bull. 2005 Oct 15;67(3):210-8. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.06.029.
Immobilization stress and physical activity separately influence monoaminergic function. In addition, it appears that stress and locomotion reciprocally modulate neuroendocrine responses, with forced exercise ameliorating stress-induced serotonergic activity in lizards. To investigate the interaction of forced physical activity and restraint stress on central dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (Epi), we measured these catecholamines and their metabolites in select brain regions of stressed and exercised male Anolis carolinensis lizards. Animals were handled briefly to elicit restraint stress, with some lizards additionally forced to run on a track until exhaustion, or half that time (50% of average time to exhaustion), compared to a control group that experienced no restraint or exercise. Norepinephrine concentrations in the hippocampus and locus ceruleus decreased with restraint stress, but returned to control levels following forced exhaustion. Levels of NE in the raphé nuclei and area postrema, and epinephrine in raphé became elevated following restraint stress, and returned to control levels following forced physical activity to 50% or 100% exhaustion. Striatal DA increased as animals were exercised to 50% of exhaustion, and returned to baseline with exhaustion. At exhaustion, striatal Epi levels were diminished, compared with controls. In the area postrema, exhaustion reversed a decline in epinephrine levels that followed forced physical activity. These results suggest that stress stimulates a rapid influence on central catecholamines. In addition, forced exercise, and even exhaustion, may alleviate the effects of restraint stress on central monoamines.
固定应激和身体活动分别影响单胺能功能。此外，应激和运动似乎相互调节神经内分泌反应，强迫运动可改善蜥蜴应激诱导的血清素能活性。为了研究强迫身体活动和束缚应激对中枢多巴胺（DA）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）和肾上腺素（Epi）的相互作用，我们测量了应激和运动的雄性卡罗来纳安乐蜥特定脑区中这些儿茶酚胺及其代谢产物。对动物进行短暂处理以引发束缚应激，与未经历束缚或运动的对照组相比，一些蜥蜴还被迫在跑道上奔跑直至精疲力竭，或达到该时间的一半（平均精疲力竭时间的50%）。海马体和蓝斑中的去甲肾上腺素浓度随束缚应激而降低，但在强迫精疲力竭后恢复到对照水平。束缚应激后，中缝核和最后区中的NE水平以及中缝中的肾上腺素水平升高，在强迫身体活动至50%或100%精疲力竭后恢复到对照水平。随着动物运动至精疲力竭的50%，纹状体DA增加，并在精疲力竭时恢复到基线水平。与对照组相比，在精疲力竭时，纹状体Epi水平降低。在最后区，精疲力竭逆转了强迫身体活动后肾上腺素水平的下降。这些结果表明，应激对中枢儿茶酚胺有快速影响。此外，强迫运动甚至精疲力竭可能减轻束缚应激对中枢单胺的影响。
